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FoPC Flashcards

Learning Guide All years handbook Lectures Tutorials Essential reading Case study Also Multicultural Medicine lecture (Prof Cleland) and Introductory Ethics Lecture (Dr Cameron)

1
Q

what personal qualities may be required for general practice

A

business minded

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2
Q

what personal qualities may be required for general practice

A

business minded

can work independently

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3
Q

what variation occurs between GP practices

A

might be big or small - practicese are responsive to local health needs

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4
Q

what aspects effect the running of the business of general practice

A

most are independent contractors

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5
Q

how is information technology used in primary care

A

ditgital record-keeping

easy accessed by any approved member of staff

tracking of data is easier

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6
Q

what is the GP practice team

A

manager

it/admin staff

secretarial staff

reception staff

nurses

advanced nurse practitioners

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7
Q

what is longitudinal care

A

seeing pateints preogrees through theyre life

gain trust and make consultation easier

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8
Q

what is the number 1 complaint against doctors

A

communication problems - my doctor wont listen - my doctor doesn’t tell me anything

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9
Q

what are the 3 broad skills needed for sucsseful medical interviewing

A

conceptual skills
perceptual skills
process skills

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10
Q

what 2 broad factors can influence the consultation

A

physical factors

personal factors - doctor and patient

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11
Q

what 3 doctor patient relationship styles are there

A

authoritatian/patentalistic

guidance/ co- operation

mutual participation relationship

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12
Q

what happens always, often and sometimes in a consultation

A

talking always
examination often
procedures sometimes

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13
Q

what happens always, often and sometimes in a consultation

A

talking always
examination often
procedures sometimes

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14
Q

what are the 3 techniques used in a consultation to gain information

A

open ended questions
listening and silence
facilitation

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15
Q

what are the 5 types of question

A

rrrrrr cold

Reflected 
Closed
Open 
Leading 
Direct
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16
Q

what 4 points are important in body language

A

culture
context
gesture clusters
congurence

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17
Q

what 4 points are important in body language

A

culture
context
gesture clusters
congruence

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18
Q

how can physiological factors effect health

A

either directly or indirectly via healthy behaviour

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19
Q

what is the leading cause of disease

A

behaviour at 50%

20% biology

20% environment

10% Access

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20
Q

what is self-efficacy

A

Belief in one’s own ability to organise and execute a course of action, and the expectation that the action will result in, or lead to, a desired outcome

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21
Q

what are some behavioural risk factors

A 
smoking 
obesitiy
poor diet 
lack of activity
drinking alcholo
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22
Q

what factors are determinants of health behaviour

A

back ground factors

stable factors

social factors

situational factors

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23
Q

why have different factors effecting health behaviours

A

for different targeting of behaviours for interventional strategies

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24
Q

what are the three broad types of individual diffrences

A

emotional dispositions

generalised expectancies

explanatory styples

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25
Q

what does self efficacy underpin

A

goal setting
effort investment
persistence
bounce back from setbacks

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26
Q

what are smart goals

A 
specific
measurable 
achievable
realistic 
timely
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27
Q

what 3 parts make up the medical liscensing assessment

A
  1. professional values and behaviours
  2. professional skills
  3. professional knowledge
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28
Q

what is the WHO definition of health

A

a sate of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not me

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29
Q

what are the five core concepts of social cognitive theory

A

Observational learning/modelling (people learn by observing others - learned behaviours)

Outcome expectations

Self-efficacy

Goal setting

Self-regulation

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30
Q

what are the 3 types of non verbal communication

A

instinctive

learned

  • from life experience
  • from training

clinical observation

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31
Q

what are stable factors

A

individual differences, dispositions and personality

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32
Q

what is locus of control

A

expectations of future out comes will be controlled by either yourself or external factors

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33
Q

what is generally associated with favourable out comes in relation to locus of control

A

internal loci

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34
Q

what are some examples of explanatory styles

A

optimism/pessimism

attributional style

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35
Q

what are some examples of social cognition theories

A

health belief model

theory of planned behaviour

transtheoretical model

36
Q

what are some of the NICE principles for intervention programmes aimed at populations

A

fiscal and legislative

national/local mass media advertising

campaigns, promotion of role models

point of sale promotions

37
Q

what are examples of background factors surrounding conceptual frame work

A

cultural norms, Gender, ethnicity, genes, chronic health status

38
Q

what are examples of social factors surrounding conceptual frame work

A

perceived support - support from friends and family

39
Q

what are examples of situations factors surrounding conceptual frame work

A

perceived risk, emotional response, intention, self-efficacy

40
Q

what are the lay beliefs about being healthy

A

absence of disease
physical fitness - younger people
functional ability - older people

41
Q

what is a hazard

A

something with the potential to cause harm

42
Q

what is a risk

A

the likely hood of the harm occurring

43
Q

what is susceptibility

A

influences the likelihood that something will cause harm

44
Q

what are the broad ranges of hazards

A 
Physical
Chemical
Mechanical
Biological
Psychosocial
45
Q

what are the broad routes of exposure to hazards

A

skin
blood/sexual
Inhalation
Ingestion

46
Q

what are the 3 principles that govern the perception of risk

A

feeling in control
size of the possible harm
familiarity with the risk

47
Q

what are the two subcategories of feeling in control of risk - give examples

A

involuntary risks - plane trip

voluntary risks - car trip

48
Q

what is true about the size of possible harm

A

the greater the possible harm the greater the perceived risk

49
Q

what is true about familiarity with risks

A

Risks that are less familiar are perceived as being greater than more familiar risks

50
Q

what is ethics

A

The body of moral principles or values governing or distinctive of a particular cultureor group

51
Q

what comprises ethics

A

principles
values
standards

52
Q

what are the things that make up ethics and clinical decisions

A

duties - to the patient

four principles

53
Q

what are the ‘‘4 principles’’

A

respect for autonomy
non- malfeasance (do no harm)
beneficence (do good)
justice

54
Q

what are the aims of a GP consultation

A 
Initiating the Session
Gathering Information
Providing Structure
Building Relationship
Explanation and Planning
Closing the Session
55
Q

what is safety netting

A

This may be critical in a consultation and is one of Neighbour’s techniques for minimising risk.

If uncertainty remains, that should be communicated to the patient.

56
Q

where can you look for guidance

A

National

Local

Immediate

Colleagues

Peer group

Reflection

57
Q

what is hypothetic-deductive reasoning

A

sherlock Holmes-ing the shit out of things

58
Q

who is Rodger neighbour

A

Roger Neighbour, a GP, has looked at the tasks of a consultation purely from a doctors point of view.

59
Q

what did Rodger neighbour conclude

A

Connect with the patient

summarise and Verbally Check that the reasons for attendance are clear

Hand Over and bring the consultation to a close

ensure that a Safety Net exists in that no serious possibilities have been missed

deal with the Housekeeping of recovery and reflection.

60
Q

what are the dimensions of diversity

A 
age 
biological sex
race 
gender 
ethnicity 
sexual orientation
mental and physical characteristics
61
Q

what is culture

A

the learned and shared values that guide thinking, behaviour, actions, emotional reactions

62
Q

what 3 areas to consider when culture is related to health care

A

Misunderstandings in diagnosis or in treatment planning arising from differences in language or culture

Poor patient adherence with treatments, and poor outcomes

Health care disparities

63
Q

what is cultural competence

A

the ongoing capacity of healthcare systems, organizations and professionals to provide for diverse patient populations by The process of gaining depth of understanding of subject positions and cultures other than your own

64
Q

how can cultural competence be gained

A

sensitive to language barriers

consider body language

consider factor like gender, wealth, sexual orientation

65
Q

that are some of the impacts of cultural competence

A

More successful patient education

Increases in patients health care seeking behaviour

More appropriate testing and screening

Greater adherence to medical advice

66
Q

what is the learn model

A

listen to patient

explain - understanding

acknowledge - patient concerns

recommend - treatment

negotiate - with patient and beliefs

67
Q

what is stress

A

when the real or perceived demands of a situation outweigh someone’s actual or perceived physical and social resources available.

68
Q

what two key phenomenon help with the prevention of illness

A

development of resilience

development of attitudes towards health and illness

69
Q

what factors may influence lay beliefs about health

A

age - old vs dad
social class - economic and social
gender - men vs women (women find health more interesting)
culture - perception of illness and diseases

70
Q

what actions could the government to take to stem a health epicdemic

A 
health education
tax on unhealthy
legislation 
enforcement 
subsides
transport - cycle lanes 
funding of NHS
71
Q

what potential difficulties which may arise when consulting with a patient from a different culture

A 
lack of NHS knowledge 
racism 
bias
stereotyping
language
examination taboos
gender difference 
not entitled to NHS care
72
Q

what are the hazard categories

A

chemical
physical
mechanical biological
physiological

73
Q

what are examples of physical hazards

A

heat, noise radiation

74
Q

what are examples of mechanical hazards

A

machine accidents, trips, slips and falls

75
Q

what are examples of biological hazards

A

waste material

spread of infection

76
Q

what are examples of psychological hazards

A

stress
anxiety
relationships
threatened job security

77
Q

what are 3 aspects of advice you may give to a patient when safety netting

A

adviser patient of illness/ recovery

advise of symptoms of deterioration

advise who to contact if patient deteriorates

78
Q

what ways does neighbour suggest to minimise risk

A

Summarise and verbally check that reasons for attendance are clear

Hand over (to patient) and bring the consultation to a close

Deal with the housekeeping of recovery and reflection

79
Q

what is meant by the term gatekeeper

A

The GP is the person who controls patients’ access to specialist or secondary care

80
Q

what are some advantages as having GPs as gate keepers

A

identify people who need secondary care

patient advocacy

patient doesn’t know

what speciality to go to

GP acts as coordinator of care

GP as patient educator

81
Q

approximately what percentage of patients are admitted to hospital each month

A

3%

82
Q

what are some examples of health care professions you may get involved in a patients care

A 
physiotherapist
pharmacies
dietician 
counsellors
practice nurse
occupational therapist
83
Q

what is health determined by

A

Where you are born

Where you live

How you are brought up

Your life chances

Your political voice

Your family support

84
Q

what is the SIMD

A

Scottish index of multiple deprivation

85
Q

what 3 things effect access to healthcare

A

affordability

accessibility

acceptability

86
Q

what factors are closely intertwined with healthcare

A

politics, economics

87
Q

health is strongly influenced by

A

the wealth and equality of a nation

political decision

economic spend and control

legislation

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