FoPC Flashcards
Learning Guide All years handbook Lectures Tutorials Essential reading Case study Also Multicultural Medicine lecture (Prof Cleland) and Introductory Ethics Lecture (Dr Cameron)
what personal qualities may be required for general practice
business minded
what personal qualities may be required for general practice
business minded
can work independently
what variation occurs between GP practices
might be big or small - practicese are responsive to local health needs
what aspects effect the running of the business of general practice
most are independent contractors
how is information technology used in primary care
ditgital record-keeping
easy accessed by any approved member of staff
tracking of data is easier
what is the GP practice team
manager
it/admin staff
secretarial staff
reception staff
nurses
advanced nurse practitioners
what is longitudinal care
seeing pateints preogrees through theyre life
gain trust and make consultation easier
what is the number 1 complaint against doctors
communication problems - my doctor wont listen - my doctor doesn’t tell me anything
what are the 3 broad skills needed for sucsseful medical interviewing
conceptual skills
perceptual skills
process skills
what 2 broad factors can influence the consultation
physical factors
personal factors - doctor and patient
what 3 doctor patient relationship styles are there
authoritatian/patentalistic
guidance/ co- operation
mutual participation relationship
what happens always, often and sometimes in a consultation
talking always
examination often
procedures sometimes
what happens always, often and sometimes in a consultation
talking always
examination often
procedures sometimes
what are the 3 techniques used in a consultation to gain information
open ended questions
listening and silence
facilitation
what are the 5 types of question
rrrrrr cold
Reflected Closed Open Leading Direct
what 4 points are important in body language
culture
context
gesture clusters
congurence
what 4 points are important in body language
culture
context
gesture clusters
congruence
how can physiological factors effect health
either directly or indirectly via healthy behaviour
what is the leading cause of disease
behaviour at 50%
20% biology
20% environment
10% Access
what is self-efficacy
Belief in one’s own ability to organise and execute a course of action, and the expectation that the action will result in, or lead to, a desired outcome
what are some behavioural risk factors
smoking obesitiy poor diet lack of activity drinking alcholo
what factors are determinants of health behaviour
back ground factors
stable factors
social factors
situational factors
why have different factors effecting health behaviours
for different targeting of behaviours for interventional strategies
what are the three broad types of individual diffrences
emotional dispositions
generalised expectancies
explanatory styples
what does self efficacy underpin
goal setting
effort investment
persistence
bounce back from setbacks
what are smart goals
specific measurable achievable realistic timely
what 3 parts make up the medical liscensing assessment
- professional values and behaviours
- professional skills
- professional knowledge
what is the WHO definition of health
a sate of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not me
what are the five core concepts of social cognitive theory
Observational learning/modelling (people learn by observing others - learned behaviours)
Outcome expectations
Self-efficacy
Goal setting
Self-regulation
what are the 3 types of non verbal communication
instinctive
learned
- from life experience
- from training
clinical observation
what are stable factors
individual differences, dispositions and personality
what is locus of control
expectations of future out comes will be controlled by either yourself or external factors
what is generally associated with favourable out comes in relation to locus of control
internal loci
what are some examples of explanatory styles
optimism/pessimism
attributional style
what are some examples of social cognition theories
health belief model
theory of planned behaviour
transtheoretical model
what are some of the NICE principles for intervention programmes aimed at populations
fiscal and legislative
national/local mass media advertising
campaigns, promotion of role models
point of sale promotions
what are examples of background factors surrounding conceptual frame work
cultural norms, Gender, ethnicity, genes, chronic health status
what are examples of social factors surrounding conceptual frame work
perceived support - support from friends and family
what are examples of situations factors surrounding conceptual frame work
perceived risk, emotional response, intention, self-efficacy
what are the lay beliefs about being healthy
absence of disease
physical fitness - younger people
functional ability - older people
what is a hazard
something with the potential to cause harm
what is a risk
the likely hood of the harm occurring
what is susceptibility
influences the likelihood that something will cause harm
what are the broad ranges of hazards
Physical Chemical Mechanical Biological Psychosocial
what are the broad routes of exposure to hazards
skin
blood/sexual
Inhalation
Ingestion
what are the 3 principles that govern the perception of risk
feeling in control
size of the possible harm
familiarity with the risk
what are the two subcategories of feeling in control of risk - give examples
involuntary risks - plane trip
voluntary risks - car trip
what is true about the size of possible harm
the greater the possible harm the greater the perceived risk
what is true about familiarity with risks
Risks that are less familiar are perceived as being greater than more familiar risks
what is ethics
The body of moral principles or values governing or distinctive of a particular cultureor group
what comprises ethics
principles
values
standards
what are the things that make up ethics and clinical decisions
duties - to the patient
four principles
what are the ‘‘4 principles’’
respect for autonomy
non- malfeasance (do no harm)
beneficence (do good)
justice
what are the aims of a GP consultation
Initiating the Session Gathering Information Providing Structure Building Relationship Explanation and Planning Closing the Session
what is safety netting
This may be critical in a consultation and is one of Neighbour’s techniques for minimising risk.
If uncertainty remains, that should be communicated to the patient.
where can you look for guidance
National
Local
Immediate
Colleagues
Peer group
Reflection
what is hypothetic-deductive reasoning
sherlock Holmes-ing the shit out of things
who is Rodger neighbour
Roger Neighbour, a GP, has looked at the tasks of a consultation purely from a doctors point of view.
what did Rodger neighbour conclude
Connect with the patient
summarise and Verbally Check that the reasons for attendance are clear
Hand Over and bring the consultation to a close
ensure that a Safety Net exists in that no serious possibilities have been missed
deal with the Housekeeping of recovery and reflection.
what are the dimensions of diversity
age biological sex race gender ethnicity sexual orientation mental and physical characteristics
what is culture
the learned and shared values that guide thinking, behaviour, actions, emotional reactions
what 3 areas to consider when culture is related to health care
Misunderstandings in diagnosis or in treatment planning arising from differences in language or culture
Poor patient adherence with treatments, and poor outcomes
Health care disparities
what is cultural competence
the ongoing capacity of healthcare systems, organizations and professionals to provide for diverse patient populations by The process of gaining depth of understanding of subject positions and cultures other than your own
how can cultural competence be gained
sensitive to language barriers
consider body language
consider factor like gender, wealth, sexual orientation
that are some of the impacts of cultural competence
More successful patient education
Increases in patients health care seeking behaviour
More appropriate testing and screening
Greater adherence to medical advice
what is the learn model
listen to patient
explain - understanding
acknowledge - patient concerns
recommend - treatment
negotiate - with patient and beliefs
what is stress
when the real or perceived demands of a situation outweigh someone’s actual or perceived physical and social resources available.
what two key phenomenon help with the prevention of illness
development of resilience
development of attitudes towards health and illness
what factors may influence lay beliefs about health
age - old vs dad
social class - economic and social
gender - men vs women (women find health more interesting)
culture - perception of illness and diseases
what actions could the government to take to stem a health epicdemic
health education tax on unhealthy legislation enforcement subsides transport - cycle lanes funding of NHS
what potential difficulties which may arise when consulting with a patient from a different culture
lack of NHS knowledge racism bias stereotyping language examination taboos gender difference not entitled to NHS care
what are the hazard categories
chemical
physical
mechanical biological
physiological
what are examples of physical hazards
heat, noise radiation
what are examples of mechanical hazards
machine accidents, trips, slips and falls
what are examples of biological hazards
waste material
spread of infection
what are examples of psychological hazards
stress
anxiety
relationships
threatened job security
what are 3 aspects of advice you may give to a patient when safety netting
adviser patient of illness/ recovery
advise of symptoms of deterioration
advise who to contact if patient deteriorates
what ways does neighbour suggest to minimise risk
Summarise and verbally check that reasons for attendance are clear
Hand over (to patient) and bring the consultation to a close
Deal with the housekeeping of recovery and reflection
what is meant by the term gatekeeper
The GP is the person who controls patients’ access to specialist or secondary care
what are some advantages as having GPs as gate keepers
identify people who need secondary care
patient advocacy
patient doesn’t know
what speciality to go to
GP acts as coordinator of care
GP as patient educator
approximately what percentage of patients are admitted to hospital each month
3%
what are some examples of health care professions you may get involved in a patients care
physiotherapist pharmacies dietician counsellors practice nurse occupational therapist
what is health determined by
Where you are born
Where you live
How you are brought up
Your life chances
Your political voice
Your family support
what is the SIMD
Scottish index of multiple deprivation
what 3 things effect access to healthcare
affordability
accessibility
acceptability
what factors are closely intertwined with healthcare
politics, economics
health is strongly influenced by
the wealth and equality of a nation
political decision
economic spend and control
legislation
