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Foundation of Primary Care > FoPC 3 > Flashcards

FoPC 3 Flashcards

1
Q

which 5 questions are patients encouraged to ask as part of the concept of realistic medicine?

A
  1. is this treatment/procedure/test necessary?
  2. what are the risks/benefits?
  3. what are the potential side effects?
  4. what are the alternatives?
  5. what if I do nothing?
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2
Q

according to the WHO, what are the seven aims of palliative care?

A
  • provide patient with relief from pain/distressing symptoms
  • affirm life and treat death as normal process
  • does not aim to hasten/postpone death
  • provide support for patients throughout disease
  • provide support for family throughout disease and bereavement
  • integrates psychological/spiritual aspects of care
  • team approach to ensure patient’s/family’s needs are met along the way
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3
Q

name the features of a “good death”

A
  • pain-free death
  • aware death, with unfinished business resolved
  • death according to patient’s wishes and their individuality
  • death at home among family and friends
  • open acknowledgement of imminence of death
  • death as personal growth
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4
Q

what is the Gold Standards Framework?

A

a set of documents which outline the best way for primary care to provide palliative care at home

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5
Q

what are the stages of grief?

A 
stability
immobility
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
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6
Q

what are the possible ways people react to bad news?

A 
anger
denial
distress
anxiety
relief
guilt
sadness
shock
bargaining
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7
Q

what tool can be used to assess the decline of a patient who is receiving palliative care?

A

palliative performance scale (PPS)

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8
Q

what tool can be used to assess a patient’s need for palliative care?

A

supportive and palliative care indicators tool (SPICT)

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9
Q

once primary care has identified the benefit of providing palliative care to a patient, how are the steps put into place?

A

through the Anticipatory Care plan, which is passed to Out of Hours and MDT

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10
Q

how does primary care keep track of patients who are currently receiving palliative care at home?

A

by adding these patients to the Palliative Care register

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11
Q

how many health boards are there in Scotland?

A

14

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12
Q

define primary, secondary and tertiary disease prevention

A

primary: measures taken to prevent onset of disease (eg vaccines)
secondary: early detection of disease at pre-clinical stage (eg screening)
tertiary: measures to limit distress/disability caused by disease (eg symptom relief)

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13
Q

what is the role of Scottish Health Boards?

A
  • provide services
  • appropriate use of resources
  • R&D
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14
Q

how should you approach a conversation with a patient who wants to die?

A
  • listen and acknowledge the issue
  • explore reasons for patient’s request
  • explore ways to increase patient’s control over disease
  • identify treatable problems
  • admit powerlessness
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15
Q

define health promotion

A

any planned activity that enhances health or prevents disease

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16
Q

define health education

A

communication activity which is aimed at enhancing positive health and preventing or diminishing ill health

17
Q

what are the three theories underpinning health promotion?

A

educational - provide knowledge/education to enable necessary skills to make informed choices about health
socioeconomic - national policies (redistributing wealth, taxation on unhealthy choices)
psychological - impact of knowledge, behaviour, attitudes and belief in the individual willingness to make changes

18
Q

what are the stages in the Cycle of Change?

A 
pre-contemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance/relapse
19
Q

what are Wilson’s criteria for assessing the screening for a certain disease?

A
  • knowledge of disease (natural history, pathophysiology, causes)
  • knowledge of tests (acceptable, sensitive, specific, cost effective)
  • knowledge of treatment (available treatment options, appropriate facilities)
  • cost effectiveness
20
Q

what are the three main domains included in health promotion?

A
  • health education
  • health protection
  • disease prevention
21
Q

when is the Cycle of Change useful in practice?

A

it may help identify someone who is ready to make a positive change in their lifestyle

22
Q

what specific lifestyle or risk factors may the Cycle of Change be useful for?

A

unhealthy habits - smoking, excessive alcohol, IVDU, diet

23
Q

how would the Cycle of Change be applied in practice?

A

identifying patient’s position on the cycle of change, and introducing the topic of change based on their readiness

24
Q

define health protection

A

collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual. regulations/policies aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of well-being

25
Q

what is empowerment in the context of health promotion?

A

it is a process which gives people more power over decisions or actions affecting their health

26
Q

what are the benefits of empowerment in the contect of health promotion?

A
  • ability to develop coping strategies against an unhealthy environment
  • ability to resist social pressure
  • hightened consciousness of actions
27
Q

what are the six aims of realistic medicine?

A
  1. personalised approach to care
  2. shared decision making
  3. variability reduction in practice/outcomes
  4. harm and waste reduction
  5. risk management
  6. improvement/innovation
28
Q

what is resilience?

A

the ability to bounce back from difficult situations

29
Q

what are some of the personality traits that can promote resilience?

A 
humour
self-belief
self-acceptance
high frustration tolerance
perspective
meaning
curiosity
adaptability
30
Q

name a few behaviours that can help promote resilience

A 
support network
assertiveness
reflection
avoiding procrastination
planning
work-life balance
time management
31
Q

for a doctor, name a few factors which can promote resilience

A

intellectual stimulation (job satisfaction, learning)
self-belief (less self criticism, awareness of limitations)
teamwork (good support mechanism at work)
good work-life balance
having coping mechanisms in place

32
Q

what is an occupational and environmental history, and what is its aim?

A

it’s finding out all previous employment details from a patient, to try and determine whether their health deterioration is related/due to their work or environment

33
Q

what is a fit note?

A

document signed by a doctor which facilitates returning back to work after being off for ill health for 7 days consecutively

34
Q

what are the four options regarding return to work on a fit note?

A
  • phased return
  • amended duties
  • altered time schedule
  • workplace adaptation

Foundation of Primary Care (2 decks)

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