FoPC 1 Flashcards
List the four ethical principles
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Non-Maleficence
List the types of questions that can be used in a consultation
Open-ended Closed Leading Reflected Direct
List factors you may cover in promoting a healthy lifestyle
Diet Exercise Alcohol Smoking Illicit drug use Sexual health
What factors, as a GP, enable you to be the most appropriate professional
Aware of PMH Aware of social circumstances Broad range of illnesses and health conditions Trusted health professional Responsible for holistic patient care Local, therefore accessible
What is a direct question?
Asks about a specific item
What is a closed question?
Can only be answered by Yes or No
What is a leading question?
Presumes the answer (best to avoid these)
What is a reflected question?
The doctor does not answer the question but asks the patient to answer themselves
List five core concepts associated with the Social Cognitive Therapy
Observational learning/modelling Outcome expectations Self-efficacy Goal setting Self-regulation
Give examples of environmental factors which may influence an individuals behaviour
Culture Social support Location Income Time
What is the WHO definition of health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
List factors which influence lay beliefs about health
Age
Social class
Gender
Culture
How might AGE affect lay beliefs about health?
Older people tend to concentrate on functional ability, younger think of health as physical strength and fitness
How might SOCIAL CLASS affect lay beliefs about health?
People living in difficult economic and social circumstances regard health as functional. Women of higher social class have a more multidimensional view of health
How might GENDER affect lay beliefs about health?
Men and women appear to think about health differently, women tend to include a social aspect into health
How might CULTURE affect lay beliefs about health?
Different perceptions of illness/disease, differences in concordance with treatment
List actions the government could take to stem the rise in (e.g. obesity levels)
Health education Tax unhealthy foods Legislation for proper labelling of foods Enforcement of legislation Ban on advertising unhealthy food Improve exercise facilities Subsidise healthy food Transport policy e.g. cycle lanes Funding of NHS treatment for obesity
What is meant by cultural competence?
Cultural competence is the understanding of diverse attitudes, beliefs, behaviours, practices, and communication patterns attributable to a variety of factors (such as race, ethnicity, religion, SES, historical and social context, physical or mental ability, age, gender, sexual orientation or generational and acculturation status).
List potential difficulties which may arise when consulting with a patient from a different culture
Lack of knowledge about NHS
Lack of knowledge about common health issues
Fear and distrust
Racism
Bias and ethnocentrism
Stereotyping
Language barriers
Presence of a third party e.g. family member, translator in the room
Differences in perceptions and expectations between patient and doctor
Examination taboos
Gender difference between doctor and patient
Religious beliefs
Difficulties using language line
Patient may not be entitled to NHS care
List different routes via which someone may be exposed to a hazardous substance
Blood Sexual contact Inhalation Ingestion Skin
Give examples of hazards
Physical Mechanical Biological Chemical Psychological/stress
List three aspects of advice you may give to a patient/carer when safety netting
Advise the patient of the expected course of the illness/recovery
Advise of symptoms indicating deterioration
Advise who to contact if the patient deteriorates
List three ways Neighbour suggests risk can be minimized
Summarise and verbally check reasons for attendance are clear
Hand over and bring the consultation to a close
Deal with the housekeeping of recovery and reflection
What is meant by the term ‘gatekeeper’?
The person who controls patients’ access to specialist or secondary care
List advantages of GPs as gatekeepers
Identify patients in need of 2° care
Personal advocacy
Patient does not necessarily know which speciality to go to
Increases likelihood of referral to appropriate department
Increases likelihood of appropriate use of resources
Limits exposure to certain investigations
Gp acts as co-ordinator of care
Puts GP in position to provide patient education
Approximately what percentage of patients presenting with illnesses in the community are admitted to hospital each month?
3%
List health and social care team members who work within the community
Physiotherapist Pharmacist Dietician Counsellor Practice nurse Occupational therapist
List the four ethical principles
Autonomy
Justice
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
