Foot Muscles

Question 1

Abductor Hallucis (1st Layer)

Answer 1

Origin: Medial Process of Calcaneal Tuberosity
Insert: Proximal Phalanx of 1st Toe
Action: Abduct 1st Toe at MTP
Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Medial Plantar Artery

Question 2

Flexor Digitorum Brevis (first layer)

Answer 2

Origin: Medial Process of Calcaneal Tuberosity
Insertion: Middle Phalanges of toes 2-5
Action: Flexion of Middle Phalanges of toes 2-5
Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Medial Plantar Artery

Question 3

Abductor Digiti Minimi (first layer)

Answer 3

Origin: Lateral Process of Calcaneal Tuberosity
Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 5th toe, Lateral Side
Action: Abduct 5th toe (small toe)
Innervation: Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Plantar Artery

Question 4

Quadratus Plantae (second layer)

Answer 4

Origin: Medial and Lateral Sides of Plantar Surface of Calcaneus distal to tuberosity
Insertion: Lateral and Posterior Margin of Flex dig long tendon
Action Flexion of Toes 2-5 (pulls flex dig long tendon)
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Deep Plantar Arch

Question 5

Lumbricals (second layer)

Answer 5

Origin: Slips of Flexor Digitorum Longus
Insertion: Expansions of extensor tendons of toes 2-5
Action: Flex 2-5 toes at MTP Joint
Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Deep Plantar Arch

Question 6

Flexor Hallucis Brevis (Third Layer)

Answer 6

Origin: Cuboid, Lateral Cuneiform, Tendon of Posterior Tibia
Insertion: Medial and Lateral sides of proximal Phalanx of 1st toe
Action: Flexion of 1st Toe (Big toe)
Innervation: Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Medial Plantar Artery

Question 7

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Third Layer)

Answer 7

Origin: Base of 5th metatarsal
Insertion: Base of Proximal Phalanx 5
Action: Flexion of 5th Proximal Phalanx
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Lateral Plantar Artery

Question 8

Adductor Hallucis Oblique (Third Layer)

Answer 8

Origin: Base 2-4 Metatarsal
Insertion: Base of Proximal Lateral Phalanx of 1st Toe
Action: Adduct 1st Toe
Innervation Lateral Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Deep Plantar Arterial Arch

Question 9

Adductor Hallucis Transverse (Third Layer)

Answer 9

Origin: Transverse Capsules of MTP joints 3-5
Insertion: Base of Proximal of 1st toe
Action: Adduct Big Toe
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Deep Plantar Arterial Arch

Question 10

Dorsal Interossei (Fourth Layer)

Answer 10

Origin: Adjacent sides of Metatarsals
Insertion: 1st to medial side of second toe
Action: Abduct the toes apart
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Dorsalis Pedis Arch

DAB

Question 11

Plantar Interossei (Fourth Layer)

Answer 11

Origin: Medial Side of Metatarsals
Insertion: Medial Side of Proximal Phalanges 3-5
Action: Adduct Toes
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Blood Supply: Deep Plantar Arterial Arch

PAD

Question 12

Extensor Digitorum Brevis (Dorsum)

Answer 12

Origin: Dorsal Surface of Calcaneus
Insertion: Middle and Distal Phalanges of toes 2-4
Action: Extension toes 2-4
Innervation - Deep Fibular Nerve
Blood Supply: Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Question 13

Extensor Hallucis Brevis (Dorsum)

Answer 13

Origin: Dorsal Surface of Calcaneus
Insertion: Base of proximal Phalanx 1st toe (Big toe)
Action: Extension of 1st toe (Big toe)
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve
Blood Supply: Lateral Tarsal Artery