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Ankle/Foot > Foot Joints > Flashcards

Foot Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 divisions of joints of the foot?

A
  1. Hindfoot (Rearfoot)
  2. Midfoot
  3. Forefoot
    * difficult to examine — because of strong structures with limited mobility
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2
Q

What joints are in the Hindfoot (Rearfoot)?

A
  1. Tibiofibular Joint
  2. Talocrural Joint
  3. Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint
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3
Q

Tibiofibular Joint
(Inferior/Distal)

A

Type: Fibrous/Syndesmosis
Support:
• Anterior Tibiofibular
• Posterior Tibiofibular
• Inferior Transverse Ligaments
• Interosseous Ligaments
Movement:
• small amount of spread during dorsiflexion
* fibula to move up/down during dorsiflexion + plantarflexion
Innervation:
• Deep Peroneal
• Tibial Nerves

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4
Q

What occurs during Dorsiflexion at the ankle?

A

Fibula to move superiorly — putting stress on both inferior tibiofibular joint (ankle) + superior tibiofibular joint (knee)

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5
Q

Talocrural (Ankle) Joint

A

Joint: Uniaxial - Modified Hinge
• Synovial Joint: Talus, Tibial Plafond, Medial Malleolus -Tibia, Lateral Malleolus - Fibula
• Articular Cartilage: compressed 30-40% in response to peak physiologic loads
Innervation
• Tibial Nerve
• Deep Peroneal Nerve
Purpose: Stability - DF

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6
Q

What movements are the Talocrural Joint responsible for?

A

• Anterior/Posterior (DF/PF)
* Most Stable: DF due to joint congruency + ligamentous tension
DOF: 1 — DF/PF

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7
Q

Talus

A

Shape: DF - wedged b/w malleoli = allowing little or no inversion/eversion
(provided natural stability to the ankle)
* wider anteriorly/posteriorly

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8
Q

Tibiofibular Joint - Positions

A

Resting Position: PF
Closed Packed: Maximum DF
Capsular Pattern: Pain when joint is stressed

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9
Q

Talocrural (Ankle) Joint - Positions

A

Resting Position: 10 degrees PF — midway b/w inversion/eversion
Closed Packed: Maximum DF
Capsular Pattern: PF/DF

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10
Q

Subtalar Joint - Positions

A

Resting Position: midway b/w extremes of ROM
Closed Packed: Supination
Capsular Pattern: Limited ROM (Varus/Valgus)

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11
Q

What ligaments support the Talocrural joint?

A

Medial Side:
• Deltoid
• Medial Collateral Ligament

Lateral Side
• Anterior Talofibular Ligament

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12
Q

What are the 4 separate ligaments that are included within the deltoid/medial collateral ligament?

A

• Tibionavicular
• Tibiocalcaneal
• Anterior Tibiotalar
• Posterior Tibiotalar Ligament

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13
Q

What movement does the tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar ligaments resist?

A

Resist: Talar Abduction

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14
Q

What movement does the anterior talofibular ligament support ?

A

Stability: against excessive inversion of talus

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15
Q

What movement does the posterior talofibular ligament resist?

A

Resist:
• Ankle DF
• Adduction (Tilt)
• Medial Rotation
• Medial Translation - Talus

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16
Q

What movements does the calcaneofibular ligament provide stability?

A

Stability: maximum inversion ankle and subtalar joints

17
Q

What ligaments are the most commonly injured by a lateral inversion ankle sprain?

A

• Anterior talofibular ligament : requires lowest maximal load to result in failure of the lateral ligaments
* highest strain to failure of entire lateral group
• Calcaneofibular ligament

18
Q

Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint

A

Joint: Synovial Joint
* DOF: 3 —Gliding/Rotation
Normal Varus/Valgus ROM:
20-45 Degrees
Axis: angle 41 degrees inclined vertically from transverse plane
* 23 degrees medially from longitundinal reference of foot

19
Q

What ligaments support the Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint?

A

• Lateral Talocalcaneal
• Medial Talocalcaneal
• Interosseous Talocalcaneal — limit Eversion
• Cervical — limit Eversion

20
Q

What occurs when there is injury (sprain/fracture) to the Subtalar Talocalcaneal Joint?

A

Subtalar/Talocrural Joint: hypomobile — talus has no muscles attaching to it
• Medial Rotation Leg: valgus (outward) movement of Calcaneus
• Lateral Rotation Leg: varus (inward) movement of Calcaneus

21
Q

Midfoot (Midtarsal) Joint

A

Movement: allow only a minimal amount — allow significant movement to enable the foot to adapt to many positions w/o putting undue stress on joints

22
Q

Chopart Joint

A

Midtarsal joints — b/w talus/calcaneus and navicular/cuboid

23
Q

Midfoot (Midtarsal) Joint - Positions

A

Resting Position: midway b/w extremes ROM
Close Packed Position: Supination
Capsular Pattern: DF/PF, Adduction, Medial Rotation

24
Q

Midfoot (Midtarsal) Joints

A

• Talocalcaneonavicular
• Cuneonavicular
• Cuboideonavicular
• Intercuneiform
• Cuneocuboid
• Calcaneocuboid

25
Q

Talocalcaneonavicular Joint

A

Joint: Ball/Socket Synovial
DOF: 3
Movement: Gliding/Rotation
Closed Pack Position: Supination

26
Q

What ligaments support the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint?

A

• Dorsal Talonavicular Ligament
• Bifurcated Ligament
• Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring) Ligament

27
Q

Cuneonavicular Joint

A

Joint: Plane - Synovial Joint
Close Packed Position: Supination
Movements: Gliding/Rotation

28
Q

Cuboideonavicular Joint

A

Joint: Fibrous
Close Packed Position: Supination
Movements: Slight Gliding/Rotation

29
Q

Intercuneiform Joints

A

Joint: Plane - Synovial Joint
Closed Pack Position: Supination
Movements: Slight Gliding/Rotation

30
Q

Cuneocuboid Joint

A

Joint: Plane - Synovial Joint
Close Packed Position: Supination
Movement: Slight Gliding/Rotation

31
Q

Calcaneocuboid Joint

A

Joint: Saddle Shaped
Closed Pack Position: Supination
Movement: Gliding - conjunct rotation

32
Q

What are the ligaments that support the calcaneocuboid joint?

A

• Bifurcated Ligament
• Calcaneocuboid Ligament
• Long Plantar Ligaments

33
Q

Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Joint

A

Joint: Plane - Synovial Joint
Closed Packed Position: Supination
Movements: Gliding

34
Q

Tarsometatarsal Joint - Positions

A

Resting Position: midway b/w extremes of ROM
Close Packed Position: Supination
Capsular Pattern: None

35
Q

Metatarsophalangeal Joint - Positions

A

Resting Position: 10 degree extension
Close Packed Position: Full Extension
Capsular Pattern:
• Hallux (Big Toe): Extension/Flexion
• 2-5th Toe: Variable

36
Q

Interphalangeal Joint - Positions

A

Resting Position: Slight Flexion
Close Pack Position: Full Extension
Capsular Pattern: Flexion/Extension

37
Q

Intermetatarsal Joint
(4 Joints)

A

Joint: Plane-Synovial Fluid
Close Packed Position: Supination
Movement: Gliding

38
Q

Metatarsophalangeal Joints
(5 Joints)

A

Plane: Condyloid - Synovial Joint
DOF: 2
Close Pack Position: Full Extension
Capsular Pattern: Variable - lateral four joints and more limitation of extension/flexion for the hallux (big toe)
Resting Position: 10 degrees of extension
Movement: Flexion/Extension/

39
Q

Interphalangeal Joints

A

Joint: Synovial Hinge Joints
DOF : 1
Closed Pack Position: Full Extension
Capsular Pattern: Flexion/Extension
Resting Position:
Distal/Proximal IP: Slight Flexion
Movements: Flexion/Extension

Ankle/Foot (2 decks)

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