Foot - Dorsal & Plantar (Test) Flashcards
The muscles acting on the foot can be divided into two distinct groups;
- Extrinsic and intrinsic
The extrinsic muscles arise from the …………….., / ……………. and …………… compartments of the …………….
AND -
What are 4 main actions are extrinsic muscles responsible for?
- Anterior, posterior, lateral
- Leg
- Eversion
- Inversion
- Plantarflexion
- Dosriflexion
What actions are the intrinsic muscles responsbile for?
- Finer motor actions
The intrinsic muscles can be further divided into 2 groups, what are they?
- Dorsal
- Plantar
What are the two intrinsic muscles found in the dorsal aspect of the foot?
- Extensor digitorum brevis
- Extensor hallucis brevis
The extensor hallucis brevis is …………. to digitorum longus
- Deep
Extensor Digitorum Brevis:
- Attachments: (3 O, 1 I)
- Actions:
- Innervation:
- Blood supply
- Attachments: Calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, inferior extensor retinaculum - lateral four digits (2-5)
- Actions: Extension of lateral four toes (assists EDL)
- Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
- Blood supply: Dorsalis Pedis
The extensor hallcuis brevis is …………. to EDL and …………….. to EHL
- Medial
- Lateral
Extensor Hallucis Brevis:
- Attachment: (3O, 1I)
- Actions:
- Innervation:
- Blood supply:
- Attachments: Calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, extensor retinaculum - great toe
- Actions: Extension of great toe (aids EHL)
- Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
- Blood supply: Dorsalis Pedis
There are 10 intrinsic muscles located in the plantar aspect of the foot and 4 layers in the sole of the foot, name the 10 muscles according to the layers?
- First (3)
- Second (2)
- Third (2)
- Fourth (2)
AFA // 222 // FAF / PDP hold it down
- ABductor hallucis
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Abductor digiti minimi
- 2: 2 tendons (FHL/FDL)
- 2: 2 muscles (lumbricals, quadratus plantae)
- Flexor hallucis brevis
- ADducor hallucis
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
- Plantar Interossei
- Dorsal Interossei
Abductor Hallucis:
- Layer of sole:
- Attachment: (3I, 2O)
- Action: (2)
- Innervation and blood supply (same)
- Layer: First
- Attachment: Calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis - mid-foot/great toe
- Action: Abducts and flexes great toe
- Innervation: Medial plantar
- Blood supply: Medial plantar
The Flexor Digitorum Brevis is sandwiched between the ………………/……….. (1 thing) and ……………… / ………………. / …………..
- Plantar aponeurosis
- Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
- Attachment: Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis - lateral 4 digits
- Actions - Flexion of lateral four digits
- Innervation: Medial plantar
- Blood supply: Medial plantar
Abductor Digiti Minimi:
- Layer:
- Attachment: (2I, 1O)
- Actions: (2)
- Innervation and Blood supply (same)
- Layer: 1st layer
- Attachment: Calcaneus and the plantar aponeurosis - 5th digit
- Actions: Abducts and flexes 5th digit
- Innervation: Lateral plantar
- Blood supply: Lateral plantar
What layer does the tendons of FDL pass through?
- Second layer
Quadratus Plantae:
- Layer:
- Attachment:
- Actions:
- Innervation:
- Blood supply
- Layer: Second layer
- Attachment: Calcaneous - tendons fo flexor digitorm longus
- Actions: Flexes lateral four digits (assits FDL)
- Innervation: Lateral plantar
- Blood supply: Lateral plantar
How many lumbricals are found in the foot and how is each located (in comparison to another structure which has tendons runnin through)
- 4
- Medial to tendons of FDL
Lumbricals:
- Layer:
- Attachment:
- Action: (2)
- Innervation (2)
- Blood supply (2)
- Layer: Second layer
- Attachment: Tendons of FDL - extensor hoods of lateral 4 digits
- Actions:
- Flex at MTP joint
- Extend IP joint
- Innervation:
- Most medial lumbrical: medial plantar nerve
- Other 3 - Lateral plantar nerve
- Blood supply:
- Medial and lateral
Flexor Hallucis Brevis:
- Layer:
- Attachment: (2 I)
- Actions:
- Innervation and blood supply (samE)
- Layer: Third layer
- Attachment: Cuboid/lateral cuneiforms + posterior tibialis tendon - great toe
- Actions: Flex great toe
- Innervation: Medial plantar
- Blood supply: Medial plantar
Name the 2 heads of Adductor Hallucis:
- Oblique and transverse head
Adductor Hallucis
- Layer:
- Attachment (2 for each head and then insertion)
- Actions: (2)
- Innervation and blood supply (same)
- Layer: Third
- Attachments:
- Oblique: Bases of 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals
- Transverse: Plantar ligaments of MTP joints
- Lateral base of great toe
- Actions: Adduct great toe, transverse arch of foot
- Innervation: Deep - lateral plantar nerve
- Blood supply: Lateral plantar nerve
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis:
- Layer:
- Attachment:
- Action:
- Innervation:
- Blood supply
- Layer: Third
- Attachment: Base of metatarsal V - base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
- Action: Flex 5th digit
- Innervation: Superficial - lateral plantar nerve
- Blood supply: Lateral plantar nerve
How many plantar interosseis are there and what shape to they form and each arises from ………
- 3
- Unipennate
- Single metatarsel
Plantar Interossei:
- Layer:
- Attachment:
- Actions:
- Innervation:
- Blood supply:
- Layer: Fourth
- Attachment: Medial side of MT 3 to 5 - medial sides of phalanges (3 to 5)
- Action: Adducts digits 3 to 5
- Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve
- Blood supply: Lateral plantar nerve
How many dorsal interossei are there, what shape do thet form and each arises from ……..
- Four
- Bipennate
- Two metatarsals.
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- Layer:
- Attachments: (2)
- Actions: (2)
- Innervation and blood supply: (2)
- Layer: Fourth
- Attachment:
- 1 - medial side of second digit
- 2-4 - lateral sides of 2 to 4
- Actions:
- Abduct digits 2 to 4
- Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve
- Blood supply: Lateral plantar
