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Gait > Foot/Ankle Function During Gait > Flashcards

Foot/Ankle Function During Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Foot and ankle functions (3)

A

kinetics (forces/torques)
kinematics ( motion)
Muscle actions

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2
Q

Saggital plane kinematics

INITIAL CONTACT

A

[not a phase; just end TR/beginning LR]

Ankle: NEUTRAL- facilitates HEEL ROCKER

technically 90 degrees–> 0 deg DF; 0 deg PF

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3
Q

Saggital plane kinematics

LOADING RESPONSE

A

Ankle: from 0 deg –> 10 deg PF

Part of heel rocker mechanism

Objective: forward progression
Critical event: 10 deg PF

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4
Q

Saggital plane kinematics

MID-STANCE

A

Ankle: 10 deg PF –> 5 deg DF
total range: 15 deg DF

Objective: progression of COM OVER BOS
Critical event: 5 deg DF

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5
Q

Saggital plane kinematics

TERMINAL STANCE

A

Ankle: 5 deg DF –> 10 deg DF

  • max DF range in cycle
    range: 5 deg DF

Objective: progression of COM BEYOND BOS
Critical event: 10 deg DF

forefoot/toe rocker- DF occurs w/ heel off ground

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6
Q

Saggital plane kinematics

PRE-SWING

A

Ankle: 10 deg DF–> 20 deg PF
range: 30 deg PF

most rapid ROM of ankle!

no objective for foot/ankle

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7
Q

Saggital plane kinematics

INITIAL SWING

A

Ankle: 20 deg PF –> 5 deg PF
range: 15 deg DF

no objective because hip/knee key to foot clearance

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8
Q

Saggital plane kinematics

MID-SWING

A

Ankle: 5 deg PF- neutral
reange: 5 deg DF

Objective: foot clearance
Critical event: NEUTRAL- foot has to be neutral as knee starts to extend or you drage

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9
Q

Saggital plane kinematics

TERMINAL SWING

A

Ankle: remains neutral

Objective: preparing limb for stance/heel contact
Critical event: neutral angle

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10
Q

What happens in frontal plane kinematics of gait

A

foot pronation/supination

occurs rear and midfoot for this class :)

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11
Q

Frontal plane kinematics

INITIAL CONTACT

A

foot: supination

3-5 deg

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12
Q

Frontal plane kinematics

LOADING RESPONSE

A

Foot: pronation

4-6 deg rearfoot eversion (rotates to floor)

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13
Q

Frontal plane kinematics

MIDSTANCE-TERMINAL STANCE

A

foot: pronation to neutral (or slight inversion/sup)

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14
Q

Objectives of frontal plane foot motion PRONATION

A

Loading response/Midstance

  • shock absorption: pronation unlocks midtarsal joints so foot is MOBILE ADAPTOR- cusions impact
  • Stance stability: pronates to get full foot contact with floor
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15
Q

Objectives of frontal plane foot motion SUPINATION

A

Midstance/Terminal stance

-faciliates progression of COM beyond BOS (forefoot rocker)- locking of midtarsal joints- RIGID LEVER

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16
Q

Foot pronation effect on tibia

A

Pronation facilitates Tibial INTERNAL ROTATION

talus internally rotates- makes tibia

frontal plane foot motion COUPLED w/ tibial transverse motion!

17
Q

Saggital Muscle Control

LOADING RESPONSE

A

-Plantarflexion moment [torque] (vector behind ankle)
Muscles act ECCENTRICLLY to control slow PF/oppose GRF with DF

-Dorsiflexors (eccentric):
Tib ant (primary)
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum

18
Q

Saggital Muscle Control

MIDSTANCE

A

-Dorsiflexion moment (vector like string pull up)
COM moves foward gives ankle rocker

-PF (eccentric)
Gastroc
Soleus

19
Q

Saggital Muscle Control

TERMINAL STANCE

A

-Increasing Dorsiflexion moment (lever arm increasing)
COM moves further over foot gives forefoot rocker

-PF (eccentric)
Gastroc
Soleus

20
Q

Saggital Muscle Control

PRE-SWING

A

-Reducing dorsiflexion moment (lightens up as weight transfers to other side)
NO push off

-PF (concentric)- 20deg
Residual reducing calf demand

21
Q

Saggital Muscle Control

INITIAL SWING

A

-Plantar flexion moment- gravity driven
Gravity wants to pull foot into PF so DF to overcome

-DF (concentric)
Tib ant
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum

22
Q

Torque vs. Motion in Muscle control

A

torque tells what muscle group is on (opposite of what torque vector is)
IF AGAINST TORQUE- concentric

motion tells if eccentric, concentric, isometric

23
Q

Saggital Muscle Control

MID-SWING

A

-Plantar flexion moment- gravity driven
same as initial swing

-DF (concentric)
Tib ant
Ext Hallicius long
Exten digitorum

24
Q

Saggital Muscle Control

TERMINAL SWING

A

-Plantar flexion moment- gravity driven
ankle is neutral

-DF (isometric)
tib ant
exten hal long
exten dig

25
Q

Frontal Plane kinetics with muscle control

A

tib anterior responsible for inversion

lateral calc hits first
creates eversion (pronation) torque
26
Q

Dynamic Control Foot Pronation

LOADING RESPONSE

A

-inverter muscles eccentric
slow down/control pronation

-supinator/invert (eccentric)
tib post
tib ant
flex hal long
flex dig long

((weak tib ant can lead to excessive pronation))

27
Q

Dynamic Control Pronation to Supination

MIDSTANCE-TERMINAL STANCE

A

-inverters concentric brings foot to neutral- supination
necessary for adequate forefoot rocker in terminal

-sup/invert (concent)
tib post
flex hal long
flex dig long

Gait (2 decks)

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