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Injury Management > Foot, Ankle and Lower Leg > Flashcards

Foot, Ankle and Lower Leg Flashcards

1
Q

The Forefoot contains ___ phalanges and ____ metatarsals

A

14 phalanges and 5 metatarsals

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2
Q

What does the Midfoot consist of?

N.C.C

A

Navicular, cuboid and 3 cuneiforms

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3
Q

What does the Hindfoot consist of?

What are the 2 main joints of the Hindfoot and where are they located?

A

Calcaneous and talus

Talocrural: between talus and tib fib

Subtalar joints: beneath talus

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4
Q

What and where is the plantar fascia?

Where does it attach?

What arch does it support?

A

Thick, interconnected band of fascia covering the PLANTAR surface of the foot

Along with the achilles, has attachment to the CALCANEUS

Provides support for the longitudinal arch

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5
Q

What are the plantar arches?

A 
Longitudinal arch (higher on medial side)
Transverse Arch: Runs across the anterior tarsals and metatarsals
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6
Q

What are the ligaments of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?

A

Calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)
Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament
Plantar Aponeurosis

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7
Q

The Interior Tib-Fib joint is an important joint of the ankle. What kind of joint is it?

A

Syndesmosis Joint

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8
Q

What are the important joints of the ankle and where are they?

A
  1. Interior Tib-Fib Joint
  2. Talocrural Joint (dorsi flexion = closed packed)
  3. Subtalar Joint
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9
Q

What are the ligaments of the ankle?

A
  1. Anterior Talofibular
  2. Posterior Talofibular
  3. Calcaneoflibular
  4. Deltoid
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10
Q

Medial Ligaments of the ankle:

Where is pain felt with an injury to the Deltoid Ligament?

-All the ligaments within the deltoid ligament are tested the same as the lateral ligaments but everted instead

A

Dorsi flexed and everted

Anterior tibiotalar (ATT): plantar flexed

Tibiocalcaneal (TC) and posterior tibiotalar (PTT): dorsiflexion

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11
Q

Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle

Name the lateral Ligaments of ankle and when each of them are taught

A 
Anterior Talofibular (ATF) Ligament: 
Plantar flexion

Calcaneofibular (CF) Ligament: Neutral

Posterior Talofibular (PTF) Ligament:
Dorsiflexion
Limits posterior displacement of the talus on the tibia

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12
Q

Foot deforms during weight bearing
Absorbing a smaller force of longer duration than if it were rigid
Deformation causes storage of mechanical energy in the stretched tendons, ligaments and plantar fascia

What is this called?

A

= Windless Effect

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13
Q

What kind of loading patterns are bones subject to?

A

Tension, compression, bending & torsion

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14
Q

What is the prime everter of the ankle?

A

Peroneus Longus

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15
Q

At what joint does eversion and inversion of the ankle generally occur?

A

Occur primarily at the subtalar joint

with secondary contributions from gliding movements at the intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints

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16
Q

At what joint does Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion occur?

A

Occurs at the talocrural joint

17
Q

FOOT DEFORMITIES
1. Pes cavus

  1. Pes planus
A
  1. Pes Cavus: High arch and rigid foot

2. Pes planus: Flat foot and mobile foot

18
Q

TURF TOE

What is the MOI and is it acute or chronic?

A

MOI: Forced hyperextension (or hyperflexion)

Sprain of the plantar capsular ligament of 1st MTP joint

Acute or repetitive overload

19
Q

What are the special tests for lateral ankle sprains?

A

Special Tests
Anterior drawer
Talar tilt

20
Q

Are medial ankle sprains common? Why or why not

A

Less than 10% of all ankle sprains: because of bony block and medial deltoid ligament is so strong.

21
Q

How do you care for both a medial and lateral ankle injury?

A 
Care
 PIER
 Horseshoe pads to control   swelling
 Ankle tape or brace in healing phase 
 Proprioception exercises
22
Q

What is the special test for a medial ankle sprain?

A

Deltoid ligament test (Reverse talar tilt)

23
Q

What ligaments does a High Ankle Sprain involve?

What is the MOI?

A

Involves the anterior and/or posterior inferior tib-fib ligaments

Axial loading through the calcaneus
External rotation for the foot with dorsiflexion

24
Q

What special test is performed for a Syndesmosis Sprain?

A

Special Tests

Positive external rotation (Kleiger) test

25
Q

What is the MOI of Achilles Tendinitis

A

MOI:
Small microtears over time (microtrauma –> chronic)
Acute tensile force

26
Q

What is the MOI of an Achilles Tendon Rupture

A

MOI: push -off forefoot while knee is extending

Special Test: Thompson test

27
Q

What are some the 7 tests for fractures?

A 
Tap Test
Squeeze Test
Tuning Fork Test
Axial Compression Test
Axial Distraction Test
Ultrasound
Palpation
28
Q

Avulsion fractures

A

Avulsion fractures

Can occur at any site where a tendon or ligament attaches to a bone

Eversion sprain—deltoid ligament avulses portion of distal medial malleolus

Injury Management (1 decks)

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