Foot/Ankle Flashcards
What 3 ligaments make up the lateral ligament complex of the ankle?
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
Fibulocalcaneal Ligament
Posterior Talofibular Ligament
What is the most common ankle/foot injury?
Inversion Sprain
the lateral ligaments
How do most Inversion Sprains occur?
PF, Inversion + ADD
Large forces are not needed to cause injury
Usually occur with foot in an UNLOADED or NWB position prior to the injury
What is a 1st Degree inversion sprain?
Single ligament repture
Anterior Talofibular Ligament is completely torn
What is a 2nd Degree inversion sprain?
Double ligament rupture
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
and
Fibulocalcaneal Ligament
What is a 3rd Degree inversion sprain?
All 3 lateral ankle ligaments are completely torn
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
Posterior Talofibular Ligament
Fibulocalcaneal Ligament
What is the Talor Tilt Test?
It tests for ligament resistance to inversion stress
What is the Anterior Drawer Test (of the ankle)?
It assesses the integrity of the Anterior Talofibular Ligament
How is an inversion sprain treated?
RICE Limited movement/immobilization Limited WB with gradual increase Progress to concentric/eccentric contractions and proprioception ex Avoid the motion that caused the injury *****AVOID INVERSION**** No PF / inversion during ROM ROM Strengthening
3rd Degree require surgery
What type of exercises should be utilized in the acute stage of an inversion sprain?
Isometric contractions above the injury
What intrinsic factors can contribute to Achilles Tendonitis?
Decreased vascularity
Malalignment of the hindfoot or forefoot
Gastrocnemius/Soleus flexibility issues
What extrinsic factors can contribute to Achilles Tendonitis?
Variations in Training
Running Surface Changes
Poor or inappropriate footwear
What is Achilles Tendonitis?
An overuse injury resulting from repetitive microtrauma and accumulative overloading of the tendon.
What are the signs/symptoms of tendonitis?
Localized pain at the midportion, distal 1/3, and insertion on the calcaneus
Soft-tissue swelling
Crepitus
Why does Tendonitis rehab progress slower following immobilization?
Muscle atrophy / tightness
What is the MOI for Achilles tendon rupture?
Sudden forceful PF
What is the Thompson Test?
Similar to the Homan Test - tests for Achilles rupture
What is Plantar Fasciitis?
Inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis
What condition can cause heel spurs?
Plantar Fasciitis
Is chronic or acute Compartment Syndrome a medical emergency?
Acute
What are the general rehab suggestions for Achilles Tendon Rupture?
Regain full ROM following immobilization
Heel-lift 3-4 weeks following immobilization
Progressive ex using Theraband
Proprioception ex
CKC ex
WB PF once complete ROM AND strengthening ex achieved w/out complication
What are Mallet Toes?
Neutral MTP
Neutral PIP
Flexed DIP
What are Hammer Toes?
MTP Neutral or in Extension
PIP in Flexion
DIP either flexed or extended
What are Claw Toes?
Similar to hammer toes
Distinguishing factor = MTP hyperextension
PIP flexion & DIP flexion
