Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK Continued > Foot & Ankle > Flashcards

Foot & Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What is hallux valgus?

A

deformity of the great toe due to medial deviation of the 1st metatarsal and lateral deviation of the toe itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hallux valgus is commoner in females

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hallux valgus is commoner in rheumatoid arthritis

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hallux valgus is not painful - explain ans

A

F
Wide forefoot = rubbing of first metatarsal head leading to bunions

can also get ulcers due to rubbing great toe and second toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Conservative treatment hallux valgus?

A

Accomodating shoes

spacer in the first web space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are 30% of patients are dissatisfied with their surgery for halluz valgus?

A

surgery may alter the complex biomechanics of the foot
may cause pain

beware surgery cosmetic reasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is hallux rigidus?

A

OA of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

It can be primary (degenerative) or secondary to osteochondral injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Conservative treatment of hallux rigidus?

A

wearing of stiff soled shoe or inserting metl bar to limit motion at the MTPJ

Removal of osteophytes i f they cause impingement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the gold-standard surgical treatment for hallux rigidus?

A

Arthrodesis

  • alleviate pain but loss motion
  • prevents women wearing high hels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treating hallux rigidus using joint replacement is usually successful

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes morton’s neuroma?

A

Plantar interdigital nerves become inflamed after being subject to repeated trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Female patient who loves to wear high heels complains of a burning pain and tingling radiating into toes, some loss of sensation in webspace

A

Mortons neuroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is mulder’s click test?

A

squeeze forefoot with hand reproduces “click” sound

assoc Morton’s neuroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to diagnose morton’s neuroma?

A

ultrasound to see swollen nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to treat morton’s neuroma?

A
  • excision, risk recurrence and may continue to exp pain

- metatarsal pad or offloading insole. Steroid and local anaesthetic injections may relieve symptoms and aid diagnosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which metatarsals is mortons usually found between?

A

3rd and 4th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do metatarsal stress fractures most commonly occur?

A

2nd met

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In metatarsal stress fractures the fracture may not appear on x ray for 3 weeks. Why?

A

resorption at the fracture ends must occur or callus begins to appear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How to treat metatarsal stress fracture?

A

rest for 6‐12 weeks in a rigid soled boot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Middle aged patient felt sudden pain “like being kicked in the back of the leg” while lunging in squash
Has difficulty wegiht bearing, weakness plantar flexion and palatable gap where achilles tendon usuausally is.

A

Tendon rupture

usually occurs in middle aged or older groups and is usually due to degenerative changes within the tendon or recent tendonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What factors predispose to tendonitis?

A

Quinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin etc), rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory arthropaties and gout

22
Q

Runner presents with pain at calcaneus, has a history of gout

A

Tendonitis of achilles tendon

23
Q

Treat tendonitis of the Achilles tendon?

A

rest, physiotherapy conditioning, use of a heel raise to offload the tendon and use of a splint or boot.

24
Q

Steroid injection should be used in resistant achilles tendonitis cases

A

F

Steroid injection should not be administered around the Achilles tendon due to risk of rupture.

25
Q

What is a cast in the equinous position?

A

ankle platarflexed with the toes pointing down, as this closes the gap in the torn achilles tendon

26
Q

Treatment options tendon rupture?

A

Operative - repair to restore tension

Equinous casts

27
Q

Obese patient , pain felt at the heel of foot when walking

palpable tenderness at this site

A

Plantar fascitis

28
Q

Why does the heel of the foot hurt in plantar fascitits?

A

The origin of the plantar aponeourosis at calcaneal tuberosuty is irritated

29
Q

Treat plantar fascitits?

A

Rest, Achilles and plantar fascia stretching exercises and a gel filled heel pad may help. Corticosteroid injection may also alleviate symptoms.

30
Q

Flat feet can be a normal variation affecting up to 20% of the population

A

T

31
Q

Patients with generalized ligamentous laxity are more likely to have flat feet.

A

T

32
Q

Developmental flat feet do not usually result in any problems and do not require any specific treatment

A

T

33
Q

Flat footed people may be at higher risk of?

A

tendonitis of the tibialis posterior tendon.

34
Q

Acquired flat foot may be due to?

A

tibialis posterior tendon stretch or rupture, rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes with Charcot foot (neuropathic joint destruction)

35
Q

Where does the tibialis posterior tendon insert?

A

Medial navicular

36
Q

What does the tibialis posterior tendon do?

A

Support the medial arch of the foot

37
Q

Synovitis form RA can also result in rupture of the tibialis posterior tendon

A

T

38
Q

How should tendonitis of the tibialis posterior be treated?

A

splint with a medial arch support to avoid rupture

or
surgical decompression and tenosynovectomy may prevent rupture

39
Q

Flat feet secondary to tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction can lead to OA of the hndfoot and midfoot

A

T

40
Q

tibialis posterior tendon rupture with no OA can be treated with?

A

tendon transfer to prevent secondary OA

41
Q

tibialis posterior tendon rupture with OA can be treated with

A

arthrodesis

42
Q

What is pes cavus?

A

abnormally high arch of the foot

43
Q

What conditions is pes cavus related to?

A

neuromuscular conditions

44
Q

Claw toes often accompany pes cavus

A

T

45
Q

How can pain from pes cavus be treated?

A

Supple foot -soft tissue releases and tendon transfer

Rigid foot - calcaneal osteotomy or arthrodesis if severe

46
Q

Claw toes are..

A

hyperextension at the MTPJ with hyperflexion at the PIPJ and DIP.

47
Q

Hammer toes are …

A

have hyperextension at the MTPJ with hyperflexion at the PIPJ and hyperextension at the DIPJ.

48
Q

What is the cause of claw and hammer toes?

A

imbalance between the flexor and extensor tendons

49
Q

How are claw and hammer toes treated?

A

tenotomy (division of an overactive tendon), tendon transfer, arthrodesis (PIPJ) or toe amputation.

50
Q

What is the most common type of ankle injury?

A

inversion injury and/or rotational force on a planted foot.

51
Q

What bones lie in the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot?

A

Forefoot- phalanges and Metatarsals
midfoot- 1st 2nd and 3rd cuneiform, navicular and cuboid
hindfoot talus and calcaneus

52
Q

What is a Midfoot (Lisfranc) fracture / dislocation?

A

Injury one or more of the metatarsal bones are displaced from midfoot

MSK Continued (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions