Foot/Ankle 2 Flashcards
What is the primary function of the Distal Intertarsal joints?
At tarsal bones, these distal intertarsal joints form the transverse arch (medial/lateral arch). Intermediate cuneiform is the keystone.
Primary function is to provide stability at the midfoot by forming the transverse arch of the foot.
What are the dynamic support structures for the transverse arch?
Muscles: Posterior tibialis and Fibularis longus…Posterior Tibialis comes medially and branches and pulls the transverse arch up and out. Fibularis Longus comes around laterally and attaches at the 1st metatarsal to pull the medial side laterally. The 2 forces create the arch.
Intrinsic muscles.
Connective tissues.
and Keystone of transverse arch.
Which of the tarsometatarsal joints are the most and least mobile?
(This is the CMC joint of the foot)
2 and 3 are least mobile because they are at the keystone or transverse arch and create stabilization. Everything moves around them. 1, 4, and 5 are most mobile and move around 2 and 3.
What are the osteokinematic motions associated with the first ray? How are they different than motion at the ankle?
Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion. when it dorsiflexes, it inverts. Whent it plantarflexes, it everts. It’s differnt from the ankle because it’s the wrong combination and kinda backwards. Tricky.
How many degrees of freedom exist at the metatarsophalangeal joints?
2 degrees of freedom.
What are the osteokinematic motions and their associated planes of movement?
Flexion/Extension–sagittal.
Abduction/Adduction–Transverse
Which toe ahs the greatest amount of extension?
Big toe— 80 - 90 degrees.
What effect would a tight plantar fascia have on Great Toe extension in Weight Bearing (WB)?
Tension on plantar fascia would decrease the ROM of the Great Toe–assuming the foot is flat. This is because there is already tension in the plantar fascia.
What is the “windlass effect” and what effect does it have on the longitudinal arch of the foot? What effect does it have on push-off in gait?
Tension around a pulley = Windless effect. Occurs at plantar fascia around metatarsal heads. At terminal stance, all toes are extended, plantar fascia is wrapped around head of metatarsal which pulls the calcaneus forward. It keeps the longitudinal arch up. In push-off, it makes the foot more rigid to push off on. These are normal mechanics.
