Foot & Ankle

Question 1

Cavus foot

Answer 1

Plantarflexed first ray (forefoot driven)
Flexible varus or neutral heel with positive Coleman block test
Can be managed with orthotics, cut out insole and lateral heel wedge
Variation of normal/physiological cavus

Question 2

Cavovarus foot

Answer 2

Hindfoot driven - Coleman block test negative but heel still correctable
First ray plantarflexed
Lateral column long/medial column short
Forefoot pronation relative to heel
Claw toes
Foot drop from weak tib ant, extensors and peroneus brevis
Can they dorsiflex ankle with toes plantarflexed?
Often neurogenic e.g. CMT, CP, HSP

Question 3

Cavoequinovarus

Answer 3

Fixed equinus deformity
Forefoot SUPINATED relative to heel
Cavus foot (plantarflexed first ray)
Hindfoot varus
Overactive tib post/plantarflexors
Often congenital/neurogenic e.g. tethered cord, talipes, CMT, arthrogryposis

Question 4

Calcaneocavus

Answer 4

Hindfoot cavus
Increased calcaneal pitch
Weakness of TA/overlengthening
Neurogenic/iatrogenic e.g. polio