Foot/Ankle

Question 1

Which joints in the foot have supination as their closed pack position?

Answer 1

subtalar, midtarsal, and talocalcaneonavicular

Question 2

Supination of the foot involves ___ of the tibia, ____ of the rear and midfoot, and ___ of the forefoot.

Answer 2

lateral rotation,
supination,
pronation

Question 3

The mid-tarsal joints between the talus/calcaneus and the navicular/cuboid are also called…

Answer 3

Chopart’s joints

Question 4

For Tinel’s sign at the ankle, the posterior tibial nerve may be percussed behind which malleoli?

Answer 4

medial

Question 5

Pronation of the foot is produced by ___ of the tibia, ___ of the rear and midfoot, and ____ of the forefoot.

Answer 5

medial rotation,
pronation,
supination.

Question 6

Which ligaments are the most commonly sprained in the ankle?

Answer 6

ATFL & CFL

Question 7

Jogger’s foot is entrapment of…

Answer 7

the medial plantar nerve in the longitudinal arch of the foot

Question 8

Closed pack position for the talocrural joint is…

Answer 8

maximal dorsiflexion

Question 9

With inversion sprains, which ligament is most commonly injured?

Answer 9

ATFL

Question 10

What ligament is most commonly injured with an eversion sprain?

Answer 10

Deltoid ligament

Question 11

What do the tibionavicular, tibiocalcanean, posterior tibiotalar and anterior tibiotalar ligaments have in common?

Answer 11

they all make up the deltoid ligament

Question 12

The tarsometatarsal joints are also called the…

Answer 12

Lisfranc’s joints

Question 13

What 3 landmarks are used to draw the Feiss line?

Answer 13

navicular tuberosity, MTP joint line, medial malleolus

Question 14

What is Haglund’s deformity?

Answer 14

a built up callus on the heel seen in athletes

Question 15

What ligaments make up the dorsal tibiofibular syndesmosis? (Injured with a ‘high ankle sprain’

Answer 15

AITFL
PITFL
transverse tibiofibular ligament
interosseous membrane

Question 16

What is the typical MOI (two movements) for a high ankle sprain?

Answer 16

dorsiflexion & eversion

Question 17

What is more common - inversion or eversion sprains?

Answer 17

inversion

Question 18

When the tibia medially rotates in closed chain, three is a ___us movement of the calcaneus

Answer 18

valgus

Question 19

Pronation is a combination of what 3 movements? How does the tibia move?

Answer 19

dorsiflexion, abduction, and eversion (DAE)

medial rotation of the tibia on the foot

Question 20

Supination is a combination of what 3 movements?

How does the tibia move?

Answer 20

plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion (PAI) +

lateral rotation of the tibia on the foot

Question 21

Describe the muscle imbalance typically associated with shin splints?

Answer 21

hypomobile gastrocs/soleus, weak tib anterior, excessive pronation…

Question 22

Acutely painful joint condition, most frequently involving the foot, is often linked with dietary factors and can become gangrenous if lift untreated:

Answer 22

Gout

Question 23

MTSS is commonly confused with this condition, which has a nearly identical symptom picture but a different source of pathology:

Answer 23

chronic exertional compartment syndrome

Question 24

Structural malformation of the longitudinal arches of the foot can sometimes result from spina bifida:

Answer 24

pes cavus

Question 25

Strain to this muscle is commonly caused tennis leg, and accounts for 5% of all athletic injuries

Answer 25

gastrocnemius

Question 26

Accounts for slight toe-out angle of most feet, and is USUALLY between 12-18*

Answer 26

Fick angle

Question 27

Strongest ankle ligament, rarely torn in isolation:

Answer 27

PTFL

Question 28

The distal tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?

Answer 28

syndesmosis

Question 29

The ATFL checks ___ and is M/C injured by a ___ ankle sprain

Answer 29

inversion lateral ankle sprain

Question 30

CFL checks ___ and is __ M/C injury by ___ ankle sprain

Answer 30

inversion 2nd lateral

Question 31

The PTFL connects the posterior ___ to the fibula and checks what three movements?

Answer 31

talus dorsiflexion, adduction and internal rotation

Question 32

Deltoid ligament supports the entire ___ side of the ankle

Answer 32

medial

Question 33

Referral for orthotic arch-supports to increase the longitudinal arch of the foot may be indicated for clients with this structural condition in the foot:

Answer 33

pes planus (flat feet)

Question 34

ACCORDING TO RATTRAY, the most painful phase of gait for plantar fasciitis is _______ however, the truth is, ____ is the most painful part.

Answer 34

pre-swing/toe-off phase, heel strike

Question 35

Describe the classic tells of plantar fasciitis

Answer 35

pain with gradual onset, worst in morning, decreases with activity - classically on medial aspect of heel pain present at night

Question 36

Homecare for plantar fasciitis may involve taping the foot into ____

Answer 36

inversion

Question 37

A night splint that forces the foot into passive dorsiflexion for plantar fasciitis is called...

Answer 37

Strasbourg sock

Question 38

Morton's interdigital neuroma is more common in ___ and usually between the __ & __ toes

Answer 38

women, 3rd & 4th toes

Question 39

A positive Thompson's/Simmonds' test would indicate...

Answer 39

Achilles tendon rupture or 3* strain

Question 40

Stress fractures are most common in which metatarsal(s) vs. traumatic fractures would be more common in which metatarsal(s)?

Answer 40

stress: 2nd & 3rd traumatic: 5th more prone

Question 41

Which gastrocs head is M/C involved with sprains/ruptures?

Answer 41

medial head at/above the MTJ

Question 42

A grade _ strain will rupture of the Achilles tendon

Answer 42

3

Question 43

With eversion sprains, the deltoid ligament more commonly ___ from the ____.

Answer 43

avulses, tibia

Question 44

Sprains are most common when the foot is...

Answer 44

supinated (PAI)

Question 45

What is a Helbing sign?

Answer 45

achilles tendon appearing to curve out, likely indicating a fallen MLA

Question 46

Which 4 bones make up the LLA?

Answer 46

calcaneus, cuboid, and 4th & 5th metatarsals

Question 47

Which 3 muscles maintain the transverse arch of the foot?

Answer 47

Tib post., tib. ant, and fib. longus

Question 48

Excessive ER of the hip or __lateral rotation of the trunk will __ the medial arch of the foot.

Answer 48

ipsilateral, increase

Question 49

The talar tilt test stresses medial stability by moving the talus into __ and ___.

Answer 49

abduction and eversion

Question 50

Claw toes result from weakness/defection of the __ and ___ muscles.

Answer 50

interosseous and lumbrical

Question 51

Equinus deformity is usually a result of contracture of which two muscles?

Answer 51

gastrocs & soleus

Question 52

Lateral ankle sprain is AKA

Answer 52

inversion sprain