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Regional Ortho - Final Exam Review > Foot/Ankle > Flashcards

Foot/Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Which joints in the foot have supination as their closed pack position?

A

subtalar, midtarsal, and talocalcaneonavicular

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2
Q

Supination of the foot involves ___ of the tibia, ____ of the rear and midfoot, and ___ of the forefoot.

A

lateral rotation,
supination,
pronation

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3
Q

The mid-tarsal joints between the talus/calcaneus and the navicular/cuboid are also called…

A

Chopart’s joints

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4
Q

For Tinel’s sign at the ankle, the posterior tibial nerve may be percussed behind which malleoli?

A

medial

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5
Q

Pronation of the foot is produced by ___ of the tibia, ___ of the rear and midfoot, and ____ of the forefoot.

A

medial rotation,
pronation,
supination.

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6
Q

Which ligaments are the most commonly sprained in the ankle?

A

ATFL & CFL

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7
Q

Jogger’s foot is entrapment of…

A

the medial plantar nerve in the longitudinal arch of the foot

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8
Q

Closed pack position for the talocrural joint is…

A

maximal dorsiflexion

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9
Q

With inversion sprains, which ligament is most commonly injured?

A

ATFL

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10
Q

What ligament is most commonly injured with an eversion sprain?

A

Deltoid ligament

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11
Q

What do the tibionavicular, tibiocalcanean, posterior tibiotalar and anterior tibiotalar ligaments have in common?

A

they all make up the deltoid ligament

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12
Q

The tarsometatarsal joints are also called the…

A

Lisfranc’s joints

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13
Q

What 3 landmarks are used to draw the Feiss line?

A

navicular tuberosity, MTP joint line, medial malleolus

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14
Q

What is Haglund’s deformity?

A

a built up callus on the heel seen in athletes

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15
Q

What ligaments make up the dorsal tibiofibular syndesmosis? (Injured with a ‘high ankle sprain’

A

AITFL
PITFL
transverse tibiofibular ligament
interosseous membrane

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16
Q

What is the typical MOI (two movements) for a high ankle sprain?

A

dorsiflexion & eversion

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17
Q

What is more common - inversion or eversion sprains?

A

inversion

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18
Q

When the tibia medially rotates in closed chain, three is a ___us movement of the calcaneus

A

valgus

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19
Q

Pronation is a combination of what 3 movements? How does the tibia move?

A

dorsiflexion, abduction, and eversion (DAE)

medial rotation of the tibia on the foot

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20
Q

Supination is a combination of what 3 movements?

How does the tibia move?

A

plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion (PAI) +

lateral rotation of the tibia on the foot

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21
Q

Describe the muscle imbalance typically associated with shin splints?

A

hypomobile gastrocs/soleus, weak tib anterior, excessive pronation…

22
Q

Acutely painful joint condition, most frequently involving the foot, is often linked with dietary factors and can become gangrenous if lift untreated:

A

Gout

23
Q

MTSS is commonly confused with this condition, which has a nearly identical symptom picture but a different source of pathology:

A

chronic exertional compartment syndrome

24
Q

Structural malformation of the longitudinal arches of the foot can sometimes result from spina bifida:

A

pes cavus

25
Q

Strain to this muscle is commonly caused tennis leg, and accounts for 5% of all athletic injuries

A

gastrocnemius

26
Q

Accounts for slight toe-out angle of most feet, and is USUALLY between 12-18*

A

Fick angle

27
Q

Strongest ankle ligament, rarely torn in isolation:

A

PTFL

28
Q

The distal tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?

A

syndesmosis

29
Q

The ATFL checks ___ and is M/C injured by a ___ ankle sprain

A

inversion

lateral ankle sprain

30
Q

CFL checks ___ and is __ M/C injury by ___ ankle sprain

A

inversion
2nd
lateral

31
Q

The PTFL connects the posterior ___ to the fibula and checks what three movements?

A

talus

dorsiflexion, adduction and internal rotation

32
Q

Deltoid ligament supports the entire ___ side of the ankle

A

medial

33
Q

Referral for orthotic arch-supports to increase the longitudinal arch of the foot may be indicated for clients with this structural condition in the foot:

A

pes planus (flat feet)

34
Q

ACCORDING TO RATTRAY, the most painful phase of gait for plantar fasciitis is _______ however, the truth is, ____ is the most painful part.

A

pre-swing/toe-off phase,

heel strike

35
Q

Describe the classic tells of plantar fasciitis

A

pain with gradual onset, worst in morning, decreases with activity - classically on medial aspect of heel

pain present at night

36
Q

Homecare for plantar fasciitis may involve taping the foot into ____

A

inversion

37
Q

A night splint that forces the foot into passive dorsiflexion for plantar fasciitis is called…

A

Strasbourg sock

38
Q

Morton’s interdigital neuroma is more common in ___ and usually between the __ & __ toes

A

women, 3rd & 4th toes

39
Q

A positive Thompson’s/Simmonds’ test would indicate…

A

Achilles tendon rupture or 3* strain

40
Q

Stress fractures are most common in which metatarsal(s) vs. traumatic fractures would be more common in which metatarsal(s)?

A

stress: 2nd & 3rd
traumatic: 5th more prone

41
Q

Which gastrocs head is M/C involved with sprains/ruptures?

A

medial head at/above the MTJ

42
Q

A grade _ strain will rupture of the Achilles tendon

A

3

43
Q

With eversion sprains, the deltoid ligament more commonly ___ from the ____.

A

avulses, tibia

44
Q

Sprains are most common when the foot is…

A

supinated (PAI)

45
Q

What is a Helbing sign?

A

achilles tendon appearing to curve out, likely indicating a fallen MLA

46
Q

Which 4 bones make up the LLA?

A

calcaneus, cuboid, and 4th & 5th metatarsals

47
Q

Which 3 muscles maintain the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Tib post., tib. ant, and fib. longus

48
Q

Excessive ER of the hip or __lateral rotation of the trunk will __ the medial arch of the foot.

A

ipsilateral, increase

49
Q

The talar tilt test stresses medial stability by moving the talus into __ and ___.

A

abduction and eversion

50
Q

Claw toes result from weakness/defection of the __ and ___ muscles.

A

interosseous and lumbrical

51
Q

Equinus deformity is usually a result of contracture of which two muscles?

A

gastrocs & soleus

52
Q

Lateral ankle sprain is AKA

A

inversion sprain

Regional Ortho - Final Exam Review (4 decks)

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