Foot and Ankle Viva

Question 0

Name the bones of the joints of the ankle and classify the joints

Answer 0

Talocrural joint: distal tibia and medial malleolus, distal fibula forms the lateral malleolus. Domed body of the talus. Synovial hinge joint.
Subtalar joint: talus and calcaneus. Indicate a 2cm horizontal line immediately below medial malleolus and above sustentaculum tali. Synovial saddle joint.
Midtarsal joint (talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints): convex distal line between head of talus and tuberosity of navicular, concave distal line from cuboid.

Question 1

Bony points of the ankle and foot

Answer 1

Medial and lateral malleoli.
Lateral and medial head of talus.
Body of talus.
Tuberosity of the navicular.
Sustentaculum tali.
Peroneal tubercle of calcaneus.
Styloid process of the 5th metatarsal.
Metarsals.
Phalanges.

Question 2

Give the attachments of some of the ligaments of the ankle

Answer 2

Deltoid ligament: strong triangular fan shaped. Deep and superficial fibres coming from the medial malleolus and attaching to the tuberosity of the navicular anteriorly all the way to the talus posteriorly.
Lateral collateral ligament: consists of three bands which do not offer as much support as the deltoid ligament and are easily sprained.
Anterior talofibular ligament from anterior border of lateral malleolus to neck of talus in an anteromedial line.
Posterior talofibular ligament from malleolar fossa to posterior talus in a horizontal line.
Calcaneofibular ligament between these two passing vertically from tip of lateral malleolus to the peroneal tubercle on the lateral calcaneus.

Question 3

Give the attachments and actions of Tibialis Anterior

Answer 3

Proximal:
Distal:
Actions:

Question 4

Give the attachments and actions of Tibialis Posterior

Answer 4

Proximal:
Distal:
Actions:

Question 5

Give the attachments and actions of Gastrocnemius

Answer 5

Proximal:
Distal:
Actions:

Question 6

Give the attachments and actions of Flexor Digitorum Longus

Answer 6

Proximal:
Distal:
Actions:

Question 7

Give the attachments and actions of Flexor Hallucis Longus

Answer 7

Proximal:
Distal:
Actions:

Question 8

Give the attachments and actions of Peroneus Longus

Answer 8

Proximal:
Distal:
Actions:

Question 9

Give the attachments and actions of Peroneus Brevis

Answer 9

Proximal:
Distal:
Actions:

Question 10

Give the nerve supply of the following:
Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Gastrocnemius
Flexor Hallucis Longus

Answer 10

Tibialis Anterior: Deep Peroneal Nerve L4, L5.
Tibialis Posterior: Tibial Nerve L4, L5.
Peroneus Longus: Superficial Peroneal Nerve L5, S1.
Peroneus Brevis: Superficial Peroneal Nerve L5, S1.
Extensor Hallucis Longus: Deep Peroneal Nerve L5, S1.
Extensor Digitorum Longus: Deep Peroneal Nerve L5, S1.
Flexor Digitorum Longus: Tibial Nerve L5, S1, S2.
Gastrocnemius: Tibial Nerve S1, S2.
Flexor Hallucis Longus: Tibial Nerve S1, S2.

Question 11

Give the attachments and actions of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Answer 11

Proximal:
Distal:
Actions:

Question 12

Give the attachments and actions of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 12

Proximal:
Distal:
Actions:

Question 13

Describe the tarsal tunnel

Answer 13

Flexor retinaculum between the medial malleolus and the medial calcaneus.
Tendons of Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallucis Longus.
Tibial nerve before it splits into the medial and lateral plantar nerves.
Tibial artery and vein. Can palpate a pulse.