Foot And Ankle Pathology

Question 1

What are the two main types of injury to the toes

Answer 1

Crush injury and stubbing injury

Question 2

What type if fracture is a crush injury usually

Answer 2

A comminuted #

Question 3

What type if fracture is a stubbing injury

Answer 3

Usually and oblique #

Question 4

What is the mechanism for dislocation of the toe and its usual treatment

Answer 4

Hyperextension or hyperflexion injury

Treatment= closed reduction

Question 5

Typical mechanism for a fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal

Answer 5

Forced inversion such as stepping off a kerb awkwardly it falling in football boots.
Can cause an avulsion fracture due to the preonium brevis

Question 6

What is a jones fracture and how is it treated

Answer 6

NOT an avulsion fracture as the fracture site is above the peronius brevis. Often surgical intervention is required to fix it

Question 7

What is a stress/march fracture and what is a common radiological sign

Answer 7

Fracture that occurs because of repeated stress to a bone.
Usually see a bony callus formation.
Fracture of the distal third of the metatarsal due to recurrent stress

Question 8

What is a lisfranc fracture and how is it caused

Answer 8

Mid foot fracture. Loss of the normal alignment at the base of the metatarsal.
Usually caused by a severe trauma eg falling off horse with foot in stirrup

Question 9

What is an inversion injury

Answer 9

Avulses the lateral malleolus and continued force causes oblique fracture of the distal tibia

Question 10

What is an eversion injury

Answer 10

Eversion forces avulsed the distal medial malleolus and continued force results in a fracture of the distal fibula

Question 11

What is a maisonneuve fracture

Answer 11

Fracture of proximal half of fibula caused by a strong eversion.
The more proximal the fracture, the more unstable the joint

Question 12

What is the treatment for a bi malleolar fracture

Answer 12

Has to be surgically fixated or an ORIF as it is an unstable fracture

Question 13

What are the risks if open fractures? And what is the treatment?

Answer 13

• infection
• contamination
• antibiotic treatment
• initial surgical debridement
• stabilisation of the fracture
• wound closure

Question 14

What is a brodies abscess

Answer 14

A chronic abscess of bone surrounded by dense fibrous tissue and sclerotic bone

Question 15

What is the mechanism of injury for calcaneal fractures

Answer 15

Fall from a height

Question 16

What is an os trigonum

Answer 16

A common accessory bone.
Usually ossifies between 8 and 13 and forms posterior to the talus. Takes a year.
Approx 7% of people remains separate