Foot and Ankle Evaluation

Question 1

What ligament is most commonly injured in lateral ankle sprains?

Answer 1

Anterior talofibular ligament

Question 2

What percentage of lateral ankle sprains result in complete tear?

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

What is a potential consequence of lateral ankle sprain in 40% of cases?

Answer 3

chronic ankle instability

Question 4

What is the mechanism of injury for a lateral ankle sprain?

Answer 4

inversion force while weight- bearing

Question 5

Which injury affects the anterior/ posterior tibiofibular ligaments and interossesous ligament

Answer 5

syndesmotic injury (high ankle sprain)

Question 6

What motion causes a syndesmotic injury?

Answer 6

talus in lateral rotation and ankle dorsiflexion

Question 7

Which ligament is injured in a medial ankle sprain?

Answer 7

deltoid ligament

Question 8

What mechanism typically causes a medial ankle sprain

Answer 8

forced eversion and lateral rotation

Question 9

What is a clinical sign of medial ankle sprain

Answer 9

asymmetrical and correctable flat foot

Question 10

Which ankle sprain takes the longest to recover

Answer 10

syndesmotic sprain

Question 11

What condition is associated with degeneration and overuse of the achilles tendon

Answer 11

achilles tendinopathy

Question 12

What deformity is often present in achilles tendinopathy

Answer 12

haglund’s deformity

Question 13

what medication class has been implicated in achilles tendon issues

Answer 13

fluoroquinolones

Question 14

what special test is used to assess for achilles rupture

Answer 14

thompson test

Question 15

what tendon pathology may present with painful eversion and sublixation

Answer 15

fibularis dysfunction

Question 16

what is a common cause of fibularis dysfunction

Answer 16

lateral ankle instability or inversion injury

Question 17

What percentage of fibularis dysfunctions are accurately diagnosed on first exam

Answer 17

only 60%

Question 18

what is a hallmark sign of fibularis tendon subluxation

Answer 18

popping sensation

Question 19

what is a consequence of untreated posterior tibialis tendinopathy

Answer 19

foot/ankle deformation and flat foot

Question 20

What are typical impairments in posterior tibialis tendinopathy

Answer 20

TTP, weakness of inversion/ eversion, decreased DF

Question 21

what is the most common cause of pediatric heel pain

Answer 21

calcaneal apophysitis

Question 22

what is the mechanism of calcaneal apophysitis

Answer 22

traction of achilles on the ossification center of the calcaneus

Question 23

at what age is achilles tendinopathy rare

Answer 23

under 14 years

Question 24

what are clinical signs of calcaneal apophysitis

Answer 24

unilateral/bilateral heel pain, tight plantarflexors, pain with DF

Question 25

What time of day do kids with calcaneal apophysitis typically NOT report pain?

Answer 25

in the morning

Question 26

What condition accoints for 15% of all foot complaints in middle-aged people?

Answer 26

plantar fasciopathy

Question 27

What is a common symptom of plantar fasciopathy

Answer 27

pain with the first step in the morning

Question 28

What impairments are seen with plantar fasciopathy

Answer 28

limited DF, decreased PF and intrinsic strength

Question 29

what are common 1st MTP joint disorders

Answer 29

hallux rigidus/ valgus, OA, sprains, sesamoid syndrome

Question 30

What are typical mechanisms of 1st MTPP joint disorders

Answer 30

overuse, trauma, ill- fitting shoes

Question 31

what impairments are associate with 1st MTP joint disorders

Answer 31

pain, limited extension ROM, intrinsic weakness

Question 32

What condition involves nerve entrapment between metatarsals

Answer 32

interdigital neuroma

Question 33

what is metatarsalgia

Answer 33

general forefoot pain often

Question 34

What joint is affected in Lisfranc injuries?

Answer 34

Tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints

Question 35

What mechanism can cause a lisfranc injury

Answer 35

supination with axial load or high- energy trauma

Question 36

what are clinical signs of a lisfranc injury

Answer 36

pain/swelling in midfoot, pain with WB, "gap sign"

Question 37

What test is used to confirm Lisfranc Injury

Answer 37

there is no specific test to confirm lisfranc injury

Question 38

What is a potential long-term effect of lisfranc injury

Answer 38

chronic instability or arthritis

Question 39

What is kohler's disease

Answer 39

transient avascular necrosis of the navicular

Question 40

What causes Kohler's disease

Answer 40

unknown; possibly compression between talus and cuneiform

Question 41

What are clinical signs of Kohlers disease

Answer 41

medial midfoot pain, swelling, antalgic gait

Question 42

What is medial tibial stress syndrome commonly known as

Answer 42

shin splints

Question 43

what causes medial tibial stress syndrome

Answer 43

bone overload and recent increase in activity

Question 44

What area is painful in medial tibial stress syndrome

Answer 44

distal 2/3 of medial lower leg

Question 45

How is medial tibial stress syndrome diagnosed

Answer 45

clinical diagnosis with 5cm palpation tenderness

Question 46

what condition involves entrapment of the tibial nerve

Answer 46

tarsal tunnel syndrome

Question 47

What mechanisms can cause tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 47

trauma, repetitive stress, excessive DF and pronation

Question 48

what types of symptoms are seen in tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 48

unilateral, neurogenic symptoms

Question 49

what type of fracture is common in the foot from overuse

Answer 49

stress fractures

Question 50

What are common signs of a foot/ ankle stress fracture

Answer 50

local pain with activity, TTP, swelling, confirmed by imaging