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Orthopedic Diagnosis > Foot and ankle > Flashcards

Foot and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones in the ankle

A

28

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2
Q

how many articulations

A

55

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3
Q

what bones make up the rear foot

A

talus and calcaneus

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4
Q

what bones make up the mid foot

A

navicular
cuboid
3 cuneiforms

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5
Q

what bones make up the forefoot

A

14 bones of the phalanges
5 metatarsals
medial and lateral sesmoids

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6
Q

distal tibiofibular joint is classified as

A

syndesmosis

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7
Q

separation of ankle bones from injury

A

diastasis

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8
Q

talocrural joint has what shape

A

saddle shaped

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9
Q

what two bones does the talocrural joint articulate

A

talus and distal tib

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10
Q

how is the talocrural joint classified

A

synovial hinge or modified sellar

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11
Q

talocrural close packed position

A

max dorsi flexion

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12
Q

talocrural open packed position

A

plantar flexed and midway between supination and pronation

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13
Q

what is an aka for talocalcaneal

A

subtalar joint

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14
Q

what type of joint is the subtalar joint

A

synovial, bicondylar compound joint consisting of two separate modified ovoid surfaces with own cavities (one male one female)

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15
Q

in practice subtalar has how much inversion

A

2:3 20 degrees

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16
Q

in practice subtalar has how much eversion

A

1:3 10 degrees

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17
Q

in chronic arthritic conditions in subtalar joint what happens

A

limit inversion

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18
Q

traumatic arthritis in subtalar joint what happens

A

eversion is limited

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19
Q

closed pack position for subtalar joint

A

full inversion (supination)

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20
Q

open packed position for subtalar joint

A

inversion/plantarflexion

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21
Q

majority of joints in foot and ankle will be classified how

A

synovial modified ovoid

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22
Q

what are the main deep talocalcaneal joint ligaments

A

interosseous
cervical
axial

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23
Q

what are the superficial talocalcaneal joint ligaments

A

lateral and posterior

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24
Q

what two articulations are in the midtarsal joint complex

A

talonavicular

calcaneocuboid

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25
Q

calcaneocuboid is classified as what type of joint

A

synovial modified sellar

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26
Q

calcaneonavicular ligament aka and location

A

spring ligament (navicular to sustentaculum)

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27
Q

calcaneocuboid joint includes what ligaments

A

long plantar ligament

part of bifurcate ligament dorsally

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28
Q

what is the most common direction to injure an ankle

A

plantarflexion inversion

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29
Q

interphalangeal joints are classified as what

A

synovial modified sellar joint

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30
Q

what is the only bone in the body with 3 anterior facets

A

navicular

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31
Q

cuboid navicular does what

A

syndesmosis- diastasis

32
Q

when the IP joint has
hyperextension of MTP
flexionof PIP and DIP

A

claw toe- callus on MTP plantar side and PIP dorsal side

33
Q

when the IP joint has
hyperextension of MTP and DIP
flexion of PIP

A

hammer toe- callus dorsal side PIP

34
Q

when the IP joint has

hyperflexion of DIP

A

Mallet toe- callus on dorsum DIP and tip of toe

35
Q

lateral deviation of proximal phalanx of 1st toe

A

hallux valgus

36
Q

where is the pain for hallux valgus

A

medial side of 1st MTP

37
Q

what can hallux valgus result in

A

external rotation of 1at ray

38
Q

what is a ray

A

metatarsal + phalange

39
Q

What is an adaptation to hallucinate valgus

A

Over lapping of toes

40
Q

If the 5th pip laterally deviates it is known as

A

Taylor’s bunion or bunionette

41
Q

Where does the plantar fascia originate

42
Q

Histologically what makes up the plantar fascia

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

43
Q

What arch bears the most brunt from weight bearing of the body

A

Medial arch

44
Q

Abnormally high arch

45
Q

Absent arch

A

Pes planus

46
Q

Ortho test for arches

A

Ridged or supple flat feet
Absence of medial arch both stand and sit= rigid
Presence while seated gone when stand= supple

47
Q

Name the compartments of the extrinsic foot muscles

A

Anterior
Posterior superficial
Posterior deep
Lateral

48
Q

Anterior compartment of extrinsic foot muscles includes

A 
Dorsiflexors:
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus longus
Peroneus tertius
49
Q

What is the strongest dorsiflexor and invertor of the foot

A

Anterior tibialis

50
Q

Loss of muscle strength in the anterior tibialis results in

A

Foot drop

Step gate

51
Q

Posterior superficial compartment is located where and contains what

A

Located posterior to interosseous membrane
Contains gastroc
Soleus
Plantaris

52
Q

What is contained within the posterior deep compartment

A

Foot flexors
Posterior tibialis
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus

53
Q

What is contained with in the lateral compartment

A

Peroneus longus and brevis

54
Q

How many layers are the intrinsic layers divided into

55
Q

1st layer of intrinsic muscles

A

Abductor hallicus
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis

56
Q

2nd layer of intrinsic muscles

A

Flexor digitorum accesorius

Lumbricles

57
Q

3 rd layer

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi
Adductor hallucis

58
Q

4 th layer

A

Dorsal interossei

Plantar interossei

59
Q

Dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor digitorum brevis

60
Q

How many arches of the foot what are they

A

Medial arch
Lateral arch
Transverse arch

61
Q

Medial arch is made up of what bones

A

1st 3 digits and metatarsals
Navicular
Talus

62
Q

Lateral arch is made of what bones

A

Digits 4 & 5 and metatarsals
Cuboid
Calcaneous

63
Q

Transverse arch is made of what bones

A

Metatarsals

64
Q

Pain between metatarsal heads of 3 and 4

No apparent injury

A

Mortons neuroma

65
Q

What is the test for mortons neuroma

A

2 hands smooth medially

66
Q

Neuropathy of the posterior tibial N due to compression or stretching

A

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

67
Q

Result of tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

Repetitive hyperflexion/extension resulting in tenosynovitis because,of constriction of PTN

68
Q

Main blood supply of the foot

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries branches from popliteal A

69
Q

Obstructed vascular supply unilaterally

A

Residual edema secondary to trauma

70
Q

Bilateral swelling in the foot

A

Possible cardiac or lymphatic problems or pelvic obstruction to venous return

71
Q

Frontal plane motion

A

Inversion and eversion

72
Q

Sagittal plane of motion

A

Plantar/Doris Flexion

73
Q

Horizontal plane of motion

A

Abduction adduction

74
Q

Triplaner motion occurs in what joints

A

Talocrural
Subtalar
Mid tarsal
1&5 Rays

75
Q

Normal alignment for 1st MTP

A

Varies btw 5-15 degrees valgus

Orthopedic Diagnosis (3 decks)

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