Foot and Ankle

Question 1

what stabilizes the tibiotalar joint

Answer 1

deltoid ligament, anterior talofibular and posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments

Question 2

where does the deltoid lig attach to

Answer 2

medial malleolus, navicular tuberosity, sustentaculum tali of calcaneus and the talus

Question 3

where deos the ATF attach and what type of sprain can tear it

Answer 3

attaches to lateral malleolus and to neck and lateral articular facet of talus
tears in inversion sprains

Question 4

where does the posterior talofibular lig attch

Answer 4

lateral malleolus and to the lateral tubercle of post process of talus

Question 5

where does the calcaneofibular lig attach

Answer 5

lateral malleolus to tubercle of lateral surface of calcaneus

Question 6

is the ankle more stable in plantar flexion or dorsiflexion

Answer 6

dorsi

Question 7

what are the major motions of the subtalar joint

Answer 7

ABduction or valgus

and Adduction or varus

Question 8

what are the joints of the hind foot

Answer 8

talonavicular, talocalcaneal( subtalar)

calcaneocuboid

Question 9

what happens in the foot during inversion

Answer 9

calcaneus adduction, navicular rotation and glide on talusto raise medial arch

Question 10

what happens in foot during eversion

Answer 10

calcaneal ABduction, navicular rotation and glide on talus to raise lateral arch

Question 11

Describe pronation of foot

Answer 11

eversion, dorsiflexion and ABduction

Question 12

DEscribe supination of foot

Answer 12

Inversion, plantar flexion and ADduction

Question 13

what is the primary motion of the inter metatarsal joints

Answer 13

sliding

Question 14

What bones make up the lateral arch

Answer 14

calcaneus, cuboid 4th and 5th MTs

Question 15

what bones make up the medial arch

Answer 15

calcaneus, talus, navicular, the cuneiforms and 1-3 MTs

Question 16

What causes a high medial arch

Answer 16

ADduction of foot and varus calcaneus

Question 17

What causes a dropped medial arch

Answer 17

ABduction of foot and valgus calcaneus and dorsiflexion (extreme pronation)

Question 18

how many transverse arches are there

Answer 18

3, anterior posterior and tarsal

Question 19

what causes flat feet

Answer 19

loss of tarsal arch

Question 20

When evaluating an orthopedic injury which joints do you evaluate

Answer 20

1-3 joints up and down from injury

Question 21

medial deviation of 1st MTP with lateral deviationa of proximal phalanx of hallux is what

Answer 21

bunion

Question 22

describe the gait in regards to foot motion

Answer 22

heel strike, foot rolls laterally,weight rolls back to ant transverse arch, great toe should push toe off then swing phase

Question 23

what ligaments are involved in acute inversion ankle sprain

Answer 23

anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular

Question 24

What is the grading for a sprain

Answer 24

grade 1 microtears
grade 2 partial tears with decreased ROM
grade 3 complete tear with marked loss function and complete instability

Question 25

What are signs of an inversion ankle sprain

Answer 25

swelling, eccymosis, TTP depending on degree, decreased ROM, antalgic gait, poor lower proprioception

Question 26

what degrees do you get a + ant drawer test

Answer 26

2 and 3 degree

Question 27

if arch is acutely flat after an inversion sprain what could be the problem

Answer 27

tibialis posterior tendon

Question 28

what age group applies to ottawa ankle rules

Answer 28

above age 18

Question 29

what type of sprain could cause foot drop

Answer 29

ankle inversion with fibular head moving posteriorly and lateral malleolus moves anteriorly

Question 30

if you sprain your right ankle how will that affect sacrum

Answer 30

right on right sacral torsion, L5 will rotate opposite of the sacrum

Question 31

What is the Tx differences between grade 1,2 tears with 3 tears

Answer 31

PRICE for 1&2

PRICESurgery for 3

Question 32

function of lateral arch

Answer 32

to transmit weight and thrust to the ground