FOOT

Question 1

Extensor Digitorum Brevis (dorsum)

Answer 1

Origin: Calcaneus; interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

Insertion: Long extensor tendons of four medial digits (toes 2-4)

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L5 or S2; or both)

Question 2

Extensor Hallucis Brevis (dorsum)

Answer 2

Origin: Calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of Great Toe

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Question 3

Extensor Digitorum Brevis – ACTION

Answer 3

Aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the four medial toes at the metatarsophlangeal and interphalangeal joints

Question 4

Extensor Hallucis Brevis – ACTION

Answer 4

Aids the Extensor Hallucis Longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 5

Abductor Hallucis (1st layer)

Answer 5

Origin: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis

Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 6

Abductor Hallucis – ACTION

Answer 6

Abducts and flexes 1st digit

Question 7

Flexor Digitorum Brevis (1st layer)

Answer 7

Origin: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; inter muscular septa

Insertion: both sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Innervation: Medial Plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 8

Flexor Digitorum Brevis – ACTION

Answer 8

flexes lateral four digits

Question 9

Abductor Digiti Minimi (1st layer)

Answer 9

Origin: medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa

Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 10

Quadratus Plantae (2nd layer)

Answer 10

origin: medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

Insertion: posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 11

Quadratus Plantae – ACTION

Answer 11

assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

Question 12

Lumbricals (2nd layer)

Answer 12

Origin: tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Insertion: medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

Innervation: medial one – medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
lateral three – lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 13

Lumbricals (ACTION)

Answer 13

Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Question 14

Flexor Hallucis Brevis (3rd layer)

Answer 14

Origin: plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

Insertion: both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: medial plantar N (S2, S3)

Question 15

Flexor Hallucis Brevis – ACTION

Answer 15

flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Question 16

Adductor Hallucis (3rd layer)

Answer 16

Origin: oblique head – bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse head – plantar ligaments of metatarsophlangeal joints

Insertion: Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 17

Adductor Hallucis – ACTION

Answer 17

adducts 1st digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially

Question 18

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (3rd layer)

Answer 18

Origin: Base of 5th metatarsal

Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation: Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 19

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis – ACTION

Answer 19

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Question 20

PAD (4th layer)

Answer 20

Origin: Plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5

Insertion: Medial Sides of bases of phalanges of digits 3-5

Innervation: Lateral Plantar N (S2, S3)

Question 21

PAD – ACTION

Answer 21

Adduct digits 3-5 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Question 22

DAB (4th layer)

Answer 22

Origin: Adjacent side of shafts of metatarsals 1-5

Insertion: 1st – medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit; 2-4 – lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 23

DAB – ACTION

Answer 23

Abducts digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints