Foot Flashcards
Joint between talus and calcaneus
subtalar
Midtarsal articulation is?
2 joints: calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular
Midtarsal joint is what kind of joint?
Synovial - therefore can invert through tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
What nerve allows inversion of the foot?
tibial and deep fibular nerves
That which causes eversion?
fibularis muscles and both fibular nerves
Tarsometatarsal joint is where?
between the cuneiforms/cuboid proximally and the metatarsals
What type of joint is the MTP?
It is a synovial joint
What does the MT joint allow for?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction of the digits.
The interphalangeal joint is?
Synovial hinge joint that allows for flexion and extension of the digits.
Arches are supported by?
The plantar aponeurosis (thickened central area of plantar fascia) and the plantar ligaments.
Name the arches of the foot
1) medial longitudinal arch
2) lateral longitudinal arch
3) transverse arch
medial longitudinal arch is composed of?
the bones of the medial aspect of the foot (calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and metatarsals 1-3)
how is the medial longitudinal arch supported?
it is supported by the flexor hallucis longus, the attachments of the tibialis anterior, and the fibularis longus
Lateral longitudinal arch is composed of?
Calcaneus, cuboid, and metatarsals 4 & 5
Lateral longitdunal arch is involved in?
Weight bearing
Transverse arch is composed of?
Cuboid, cuneforms, and the bases of all 5 metatarsals.
Transverse arch is supported by?
Fibularis longus and the tibialis posterior.
How do the intrinsic muscles of the foot attach?
Proximally and distally within the foot as opposed to attaching proximally within the leg and then inserting in the foot.
Where are the intrinsic muscles mainly located?
Compartments of the sole, where they are arranged in 3 layers, or between the metatarsals.
What do the sole/interosseous muscles of the foot mainly do?
flexion and abduction/adduction of the digits.
What 2 muscles extend the digits?
The 2 dorsal muscles
Lymphatic drainage of the foot?
Accompany the great and small saphenous veins
Dorsalis pedis artery facts
the bones of the medial aspect of the foot (calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and metatarsals 1-3)
Medial and lateral plantar artery facts
- Branches of posterior tibial artery
- Both contribute to the deep plantar arch
- From the deep planter arch and the arcuate artery arise metatarsal arteries which branch into digital arteries (as in the hand, 4 digital arteries per toe)
Describe the superficial veins of the foot
Dorsal venous arch giving rise to great (medially) and small (laterally) saphenous veins
Describe the deep veins of the foot
Accompany the arteries of the foot and drain into the anterior and posterior tibial and the fibular veins (often small groups of veins accompanying the arteries rather than substantial, single, named vessels) that join to form the popliteal vein
motor supply to the muscles of the sole is?
tibial nerve
motor supply to the muscles of the dorsum is?
deep fibular nerve
Sensory nerve supply to the dorsum is?
Mainly superficial fibular nerve with deep fibular nerve supplying the first interdigital cleft, sural nerve supplying the proximal lateral border and the saphenous nerve supplying the proximal medial border
Sensory nerve supply to the plantar surface is?
Mainly tibial nerve to the heel and majority of sole (medial and lateral planter nerves) with sural nerve supplying the proximal lateral border and the saphenous nerve supplying the proximal medial border (borders as for the dorsum)
