Foot

Question 1

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Third Layer

Answer 1

Origin:
Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

Insertion:
Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation:
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action:
Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Question 2

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Third Layer

Answer 2

Origin:
Base of 5th metatarsal

Insertion:
Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation:
Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action:
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion

Question 3

Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring) Ligament

Answer 3

This ligament supports the head of the talus and plays an important role in the transfer of weight from the talus and in maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot.

Question 4

Long Plantar

Answer 4

Some of its fibers extend to the bases of the metatarsals, thereby forming a tunnel for the tendon of the fibularis longus. The long plantar ligament is important in maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot.

Question 5

Long Plantar

Answer 5

The long plantar ligament is important in maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot.

Question 6

Dorsal Interossei

4 muscles
(Fourth Layer)

Answer 6

Origin:
Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1–5

Insertion:
First: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
Second to fourth: lateral sides of 2nd–4th digits

Action:
Abduct digits (2–4) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Question 7

Plantar Interossei

3 muscles
(Fourth Layer)

Answer 7

Origin:
Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3–5

Insertion:
Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd–5th digits

Innervation:
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action:
Adduct digits (3–5) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints