foot

Question 1

Plantar Aspect of Foot Layer 1

Answer 1

Lateral to Medial

• Abductor Digiti minimi
• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Abductor Hallucis

Question 2

Plantar Aspect of Foot Layer 2

Answer 2

• Lumbricals
• Quadratus Plantae (favorite muscle)
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Flexor Hallucis longus

Question 3

Plantar Aspect of Foot: Layer 3

Answer 3

Three short muslces to first and fifth digits (anterior half of foot)

• Flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Adductor hallucis m. transverse head and oblique head
• Flexor Hallucis brevis with seasmoids
• –Protect the first metatarsal head and tendon of FHL when standing and walking

Question 4

Plantar Aspect foot: Layer 4

Answer 4

-Interossei
–3 plantar interossei( “adduction” digits 3,4,5 toward 2nd digit
–4 dorsal interossei( “abduction” digits 2,3,4 away from midline of 2nd digit)
Peroneus Longus
Tibialis Posterior

Question 5

What is the plantar fascia?

Answer 5

• Sole of the foot

- central part thickens to form plantar aponeurosis

Question 6

Importance of Plantar aponeurosis

Answer 6

• Arises from calcaneus posteriorly

- helps support the longitudinal foot arches

Question 7

Dorsum muscles of hte foot

Answer 7

• Extensor Hallucis Brevis

- Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Question 8

Innervation of Extensor Hallucis Brevis and Extensor Digitorum Brevis?

Answer 8

deep fibular Nerve

Question 9

Sole of the foot

Answer 9

-Arranged in four layers
Roles(synergists):
-Helps maintain foot arches
-stand on uneven ground

Question 10

Quadratus Plantae function?

Answer 10

• Not found in hand and if this muscle was not here ,other muscles would pull toes laterally. Helps correct the line of pull of these tendons and keeps your toes straight when you flex them
• Corrects the pull of the Flexor Digitorum longus

Question 11

Nerves of the foot(sole)

Answer 11

• Medial and Lateral plantar
• –Supply all intrinsic muscles of the foot(except two intrinsic dorsum muscles)
• –Supply plantar skin
• –Appear in second foot layer

Question 12

Medial Plantar nerve

Answer 12

-Larger of the two terminal branches  of tibial nerve
Motor to:
--Abductor Hallucis
--Flexor digitorum brevis
--Most medial lumbrical(1st)
--Flexor hallucis Brevis

Question 13

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Answer 13

• Smaller of the two terminal branches of tibial nerve
• –abductor digiti minimi
• -quadratus plantae
• -lateral three lumbricals
• adductor hallucis
• flexor digitorum minimi brevis muscle
• interossei

Question 14

Arterial Supply to the foot?

Answer 14

Terminal branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteris supply the foot

Question 15

Dorsalis pedis divides into what?

Answer 15

• Dorsalis pedis runs anteromedially to first interosseous space and divides into:
• -Arcuate artery
• -deep plantar artery

Question 16

Arcuate artery

Answer 16

• gives rise to 2nd to 5th dorsal metatarsal arteries:

- -gives rise to dorsal digital arteries

Question 17

Deep Plantar artery:

Answer 17

• Passes through first interoesseous space
• joins lateral planter artery to form the plantar arch
• gives rise to first dorsal metatarsal artery