Food (whole Chp)

Question 1

Why is food important

Answer 1

Provide energy

Growth and repair

Question 2

Trace elements

Answer 2

Only needed in small amounts

Question 3

3 examples of trace elements

Answer 3

Copper, iron, zinc

Question 4

Biomolecules

Answer 4

Chemicals that are made inside a living thing

Question 5

Elements in carbohydrates

Answer 5

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 6

Carbohydrate ratio

Answer 6

2:1

Question 7

Monosaccharide

Answer 7

Consists of a single sugar unit

Question 8

Example and function of monosaccharides

Answer 8

Glucose - energy

Fructose - sweeter to taste than glucose

Question 9

Disaccharide

Answer 9

Two sugar units joined together

Question 10

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 10

Sucrose, maltose

Question 11

What does sucrose consist of

Answer 11

Glucose + fructose

Question 12

What does maltose consist of

Answer 12

Glucose + glucose

Question 13

Polysaccharides

Answer 13

Consist of many sugar units joined together

Question 14

Example of polysaccharides

Answer 14

Starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 15

Function of starch

Answer 15

Provides energy

Question 16

cellulose

Answer 16

Found in cell wall of plants

Question 17

Where is glycogen found

Answer 17

Liver and muscles

Question 18

Elements in lipids (fats)

Answer 18

C , H, O

Question 19

Difference between fats and oils

Answer 19

Fats - solid @ room temp

Oils - liquid @ room temp

Question 20

Sources of lipids

Answer 20

Butter, oil

Question 21

How do fats differ from carbohydrates

Answer 21

Carbohydrates have a fixed ratio of elements

Lipids have no fixed ratio (v. little oxygen)

Question 22

Structure of triglyceride

Answer 22

One glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acids

Question 23

Structure of phospholipid

Answer 23

Glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

Question 24

Elements/chem. composition in proteins

Answer 24

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

Sometimes sulphur and phosphorous

Question 25

Sources of protein

Answer 25

Meat, fish

Question 26

What are amino acids

Answer 26

Basic units of protein

Question 27

How many amino acids in a peptide bond

Answer 27

Less than 20

Question 28

How many amino acids in a polypeptide

Answer 28

More than 20

Question 29

How many amino acids in proteins

Answer 29

More than 200

Question 30

Difference between amino acids and protein

Answer 30

Amino acids- basic unit of protein | Protein- chain of many amino acids

Question 31

Fibrous protein

Answer 31

No folding

Question 32

Where is fibrous protein found

Answer 32

Hair and nails (keratin)

Question 33

Shape of globular protein

Answer 33

Folded

Question 34

E.g of globular protein

Answer 34

Enzymes

Question 35

Water soluble vitamin + source

Answer 35

Vitamin C - fresh fruits

Question 36

Fat soluble vitamin + source

Answer 36

Vitamin D - egg yolk

Question 37

Structural role of carbohydrates

Answer 37

Cellulose helps form plant cell walls

Question 38

Structural role of protein

Answer 38

Keratin found in hair

Question 39

Structural role of lipids

Answer 39

Phospholipids help form structure of cell membrane

Question 40

Metabolic role of carbohydrates

Answer 40

Provide energy

Question 41

Metabolic role of lipids

Answer 41

Provide energy

Question 42

Metabolic role of proteins

Answer 42

Enzymes - control metabolic reactions

Question 43

Another metabolic role of protein

Answer 43

Antibodies help fight infection

Question 44

Metabolic role of vitamin C

Answer 44

Helps form connective tissue

Question 45

Metabolic role of vitamin D

Answer 45

Healthy bones

Question 46

Use of calcium in plants

Answer 46

Helps bind cell walls together

Question 47

Use of magnesium in plants

Answer 47

Forms part of the structure of chlorophyll

Question 48

Use of calcium in animals

Answer 48

Strong bones

Question 49

Use of iron in animals

Answer 49

Forms part of structure of haemoglobin

Question 50

3 reasons for water

Answer 50

Good solvent Helps regulate body temp Provides basis for transport

Question 51

How much water in human body

Answer 51

70%

Question 52

How much water in plants

Answer 52

90%

Question 53

Anabolic

Answer 53

Convert smaller molecules into larger molecules

Question 54

Example of an anabolic reaction in plants

Answer 54

Photosynthesis

Question 55

Example of an anabolic reaction in humans

Answer 55

Protein synthesis

Question 56

Catabolic reactions

Answer 56

Larger molecule broken down into smaller molecules (release energy)

Question 57

Example of catabolic reaction

Answer 57

Respiration

Question 58

Where does respiration take place

Answer 58

In a cell