Food (whole Chp) Flashcards by Noor Khash | Brainscape

Q

Why is food important

A

Provide energy

Growth and repair

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Q

Trace elements

A

Only needed in small amounts

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Q

3 examples of trace elements

A

Copper, iron, zinc

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Q

Biomolecules

A

Chemicals that are made inside a living thing

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Q

Elements in carbohydrates

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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Q

Carbohydrate ratio

A

2:1

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Q

Monosaccharide

A

Consists of a single sugar unit

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Q

Example and function of monosaccharides

A

Glucose - energy

Fructose - sweeter to taste than glucose

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Q

Disaccharide

A

Two sugar units joined together

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Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

Sucrose, maltose

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Q

What does sucrose consist of

A

Glucose + fructose

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Q

What does maltose consist of

A

Glucose + glucose

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Q

Polysaccharides

A

Consist of many sugar units joined together

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Q

Example of polysaccharides

A

Starch, cellulose, glycogen

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Q

Function of starch

A

Provides energy

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Q

cellulose

A

Found in cell wall of plants

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Q

Where is glycogen found

A

Liver and muscles

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Q

Elements in lipids (fats)

A

C , H, O

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Q

Difference between fats and oils

A

Fats - solid @ room temp

Oils - liquid @ room temp

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Q

Sources of lipids

A

Butter, oil

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Q

How do fats differ from carbohydrates

A

Carbohydrates have a fixed ratio of elements

Lipids have no fixed ratio (v. little oxygen)

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Q

Structure of triglyceride

A

One glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acids

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Q

Structure of phospholipid

A

Glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

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Q

Elements/chem. composition in proteins

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

Sometimes sulphur and phosphorous

Q

Sources of protein

A

Meat, fish

Q

What are amino acids

A

Basic units of protein

Q

How many amino acids in a peptide bond

A

Less than 20

Q

How many amino acids in a polypeptide

A

More than 20

Q

How many amino acids in proteins

A

More than 200

Q

Difference between amino acids and protein

A

Amino acids- basic unit of protein

Protein- chain of many amino acids

Q

Fibrous protein

A

No folding

Q

Where is fibrous protein found

A

Hair and nails (keratin)

Q

Shape of globular protein

A

Folded

Q

E.g of globular protein

A

Enzymes

Q

Water soluble vitamin + source

A

Vitamin C - fresh fruits

Q

Fat soluble vitamin + source

A

Vitamin D - egg yolk

Q

Structural role of carbohydrates

A

Cellulose helps form plant cell walls

Q

Structural role of protein

A

Keratin found in hair

Q

Structural role of lipids

A

Phospholipids help form structure of cell membrane

Q

Metabolic role of carbohydrates

A

Provide energy

Q

Metabolic role of lipids

A

Provide energy

Q

Metabolic role of proteins

A

Enzymes - control metabolic reactions

Q

Another metabolic role of protein

A

Antibodies help fight infection

Q

Metabolic role of vitamin C

A

Helps form connective tissue

Q

Metabolic role of vitamin D

A

Healthy bones

Q

Use of calcium in plants

A

Helps bind cell walls together

Q

Use of magnesium in plants

A

Forms part of the structure of chlorophyll

Q

Use of calcium in animals

A

Strong bones

Q

Use of iron in animals

A

Forms part of structure of haemoglobin

Q

3 reasons for water

A

Good solvent
Helps regulate body temp
Provides basis for transport

Q

How much water in human body

A

70%

Q

How much water in plants

A

90%

Q

Anabolic

A

Convert smaller molecules into larger molecules

Q

Example of an anabolic reaction in plants

A

Photosynthesis

Q

Example of an anabolic reaction in humans

A

Protein synthesis

Q

Catabolic reactions

A

Larger molecule broken down into smaller molecules (release energy)

Q

Example of catabolic reaction

A

Respiration

Q

Where does respiration take place

A

In a cell