Food & WB Dz. / Tetanus Overview Flashcards
1
Q
Tetanus
A
- Sx: trismus/lockjaw, tetani, rigidity
- Vaccine preventable
- Cause: rusty nail, animal bite, surgical wound
- Treatment: tetanus vaccine, tetanus immune globulin
- Immunizations: DTap, DT, Tdap, Td
- Reportable disease
2
Q
Norovirus
A
- Norwalk virus
- Spread in closed/crowded environments
- Winter bug
- Sx. NVD
- Extremely communicable
- 1-2 days
3
Q
Rotavirus
A
- Infants and young children
- Sx. vomiting, fever, watery diarrhea for 4-6 days
- Can lead to severe dehydration and sometimes death
- Fecal/oral transmission
- Vaccine preventable
4
Q
Vibrio cholerae
A
- Characterized by massive fluid loss via diarrhea
- Watery, gray diarrhea
- Can be deadly if untreated
- Typically no fever or blood
- Exposure: endemic area exposure
- Treatment: IV fluid replacement
- Reportable disease
5
Q
Shigella
A
- Kids <5 yo (a little older than Rotavirus age)
- Affects lg. intestine
- Sx: watery, loose stools that CAN have mucus/blood
- Symptoms last 48-72 hrs
- Can suspect this dz. if child has had Rotavirus vaccine
- Rare complications: bacteremia, Reiter’s syndrome, toxic megacolon
- Reportable disease
6
Q
Campylobacter
A
- Exposures: contaminated food/water, undercooked meat
- Sx. preceding fever, diarrhea, stools +/- mucus, +/- blood, +WBCs
- May present as typhoid fever
- Reportable disease
7
Q
Clostridium perfringens
A
- Sx: acute onset of colic, diarrhea
- Usually no fever/vomiting
- Sx. typically last <24 hours
- Not communicable b/w people (foodborne)
- No resistance after repeated exposure
- Reportable disease
8
Q
Staphylococcus aureus
A
- Sx: severe NV
- Quick incubation period (30 min - 8 hrs)
- Cause: food in contact with food handlers hands
- Pastries, custards, salads, meats
- Self-limited: 1-2 days
9
Q
Clostridium botulinum
A
- Acute paralytic illness
- Causes: contaminated home canned foods or ingestion of honey by children <12 mo
- Infants –> do not have immune system to fight off spores
- Sx: droopy eyelids, blurred vision, dyspnea, slurred speech, descending paralysis
- Reportable disease
- Treatment: ventilator as needed, antitoxin from CDC
10
Q
E-coli (including 1057-H7)
A
- Hemorrhagic
- Can range from mild non-bloody stools to all blood
- Both children and adults
- Associated with HUS/hemolytic anemia/thrombocytopenia
- Causes: ingestion of feces-contaminated food, contact of animals and environment (aka petting zoos)
- May require hospitalization/dialysis/antibiotics
- Reportable disease
11
Q
Salmonella (including S. typhi)
A
- Sx: acute onset of headache, abd. pain, diarrhea, occ. NV
- May develop into septicemia or establish a localized infection such as (pericarditis, pneumonia, or pyelonephritis (3 p’s)
- Carriers: poultry, swine, chicks, turtles, iguanas, dogs, cats
- May cause typhoid fever
12
Q
Listeria
A
- Uncommon
- Sx: fever, myalgia, headache, NV
- Can also cause: septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis
- Concern: pregnant women and newborns
- Causes: non-pausterized milk, milk products
- Long incubation (3-70 days)
13
Q
Bacillus cereus
A
- No fever, no blood
- Found in foods left at ambient temp.
- Sx. V/D (vomiting usually precedes)
- Comes on fast, gone quickly (self-limited <24 hrs)
14
Q
Cryptosporidiosis
A
- Characterized by profuse and watery diarrhea
- Contracted by both humans and animals
- Many infections: asymptomatic
- Outbreaks: daycares, swimming pools, recreational water
- Symptoms wax and wane (30 days to clear)
- Transmission: fecal/oral, person to person
- Children typically excluded from daycare until negative test results (ELISA antibody assays/oocysts on fecal smears)
- Reportable disease
15
Q
Giardia lamblia
A
- Affects upper sm. intestine
- Asymptomatic, self-limited diarrhea
- Can lead to steatorrhea (loose and pale greasy stools), malabsorption and weight loss
- Children affected more frequently (July - October)
- Outbreaks: daycares, recreational water
- Identifiers: cysts or trophozoites in stool
