Food tech - Food for Specific Needs

Question 1

What is a high risk food

Answer 1

A high risk food are foods that are more likely to harbour dangerous bacteria and other disease-causing pathogens. High risk foods must be kept within a certain temperature range to minimise bacterial growth or the formation of toxins that can cause food poisoning.

Question 2

Give examples of high risk foods

Answer 2

raw and cooked meats, such as chicken, minced meat and egg or egg products.

Question 3

Define food poisoning (also known as foodborne illness)

Answer 3

Food poisoning is caused by bacteria and viruses getting into the food we eat. It can also be caused by toxins produced by bacteria. Food poisoning is also called ‘foodborne illness’

Question 4

How does food poisoning occur?

Answer 4

Food poisoning occurs when contaminated food with organisms are ingested. It’s when we eat food that contains bacteria, parasites, viruses or toxins. Most food poisoning cases are caused by common bacteria such as staphylococcus or E coil.

Question 5

Give examples of symptoms of food poisoning

Answer 5

Diarrhea, Stomach pain or cramps, Nausea, Vomiting, Fever.

Question 6

How can food poisoning be treated?

Answer 6

The best way to treat food poisoning is by replacing lost fluids and electrolytes. You can also treat food poisoning through antibiotics if the illness is caused by bacteria. Antiparasitics or probiotics.

Question 7

How can you avoid food poisoning?

Answer 7

Use the Clean, Separate, Cook, Chill method for food safety. Clean: Wash hands, utensils, cutting boards, and countertops before, during, and after food prep. Separate: Keep raw meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs separate from other foods, using different cutting boards. Cook: Cook food thoroughly to kill harmful bacteria. Chill: Keep your fridge below 4 degrees, and refrigerate leftovers within 2 hours of cooking (or 90 minutes if left at room temp).

Question 8

What are some of the personal safety rules in the kitchen?

Answer 8

Always wear shoes, wear safe clothing, avoid burns, always wash your hands, use different chopping boards for raw meat, fruits and vegetables, handle hot dishes with care, have a fire extinguisher, and store food properly.

Question 9

What food safety and hygiene should be followed when storing, preparing and cooking food?

Answer 9

Keep raw foods away from other foods to avoid cross contamination. Make sure food storage containers have not been used to store things other than food. wash and sanitise them before use

Question 10

What PPE should be worn in the kitchen and why?

Answer 10

gloves, aprons, hairnets, safety footwear, eye protection, and masks. These items safeguard workers from potential hazards and maintain hygiene standards.

Question 11

What does a specific diet mean?

Answer 11

Special Diets are meal plans that control the intake of certain foods or nutrients.

Question 12

Why does someone need to follow a specific diet?

Answer 12

Healthcare provider might suggest a specific diet to address a medical condition or concern, as a form of therapy to treat a food allergy, digestive problem, or other ailment.

Question 13

Why does someone choose to follow a specific diet?

Answer 13

Some people find that they feel better when following a special diet or eliminating certain foods, Some people choose to follow specific diets to improve their health. You might choose a particular diet because of your medical history, cultural background or personal preferences.

Question 14

What are the 6 different stages in the life cycle ?

Answer 14

foetus, baby, child, adolescent, adult and elderly.

Question 15

What does each life stage need and why? (nutrients)

Answer 15

Foetus:
Calcium + Vitamin D = Strengthen bones & promote bone strength
Protein - Promote growth
Iron — Prevent iron deficiency anaemia

Baby:
Breastmilk or formula has all the necessary nutrients babies need until they are around 6 months old. From around the age of 6 months, babies and toddlers need different nutrients such as fibre, vitamins and minerals that are found in a range of foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy, meat and meat alternatives.

Child:
Vitamin, Folate, Minerals, Water

Adolescent:
Energy and protein are essential in pubertal development. Adolescent females require approximately 2200 calories/day, whereas male adolescents require 2500-3000 calories/day. Additional intake requirements include fat, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins, and fibre.

Adult :
adequate protein for cell maintenance and repair. fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. essential minerals such as iron, calcium and zinc.

Elderly:
carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water. Helps to build strong bones and teeth, prevent arthritis and other health problems

Question 16

What food and nutrients do athletes/active people need?

Answer 16

45 to 65% from carbohydrates
15 to 25% from protein
20 to 35% from fat.

Question 17

Why do athletes/active people need more of different food groups/nutrients?

Answer 17

Athletes and active individuals require more food and nutrients due to their higher energy needs. They need to repair and build muscle, replenish carbohydrate stores, maintain hydration, support immune function, and prevent injuries. For instance, regularly eating high-carbohydrate foods helps athletes increase their glycogen stores. If carbs are restricted, their ability to exercise may be compromised due to insufficient glycogen for fuel.

Question 18

What types of foods would you pack if you were going camping?

Answer 18

When packing food for camping, it’s important to consider portability, shelf life, and nutritional value.
Non-perishable items like canned goods, e.g beans, tuna , soup.)
Dried foods. E.g pasta, rice, grain, fruits
Protein sources. E.g canned meats, dried beans
Fresh fruits and vegetables. It’s important to choose to study fruits like apples, oranges, carrots that will last without refrigerating .