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Nutrition and Food Science A2 > Food Sustainability > Flashcards

Food Sustainability Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by ethics?

A

Moral principles
Rights and Responsibilities
Decent human conduct
Difference between right and wrong
Doing the right thing

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2
Q

What is meant by ‘environment’?

A

The surrounding or conditions in which a person, animal or plant lives or operates

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3
Q

Name 6 ethical issues:

A

Animal welfare
Spread of disease
Highest output possible
High stocking density
Health risks
Environmental impact

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4
Q

Name 6 environmental issues:

A

Pollution
Climate change
Water consumption
Soil erosion
Habitat loss
GHG’s

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5
Q

What is meant by the term ‘climate change’?

A

An increase in green house gases produced by fossil fuels leading to a change in temperature and rainfall

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6
Q

What are natural resources?

A

Materials from the earth to meet peoples needs

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7
Q

What are some natural resources?

A

Air
Water
Soil
Sunlight

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8
Q

What is meant by the term ‘Enteric fermentation’?

A

A natural part of the digestive process in ruminant animals (cattle)

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9
Q

What is meant by the term carbon sink /sequestration?

A

A natural environment which has the ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and plants

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10
Q

What is a waste lagoon?

A

A manmade outdoor basin filled with animal waste

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11
Q

What is meant by the term ‘carbon footprint’?

A

The amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere as a result of activities of particular individuals, organisations or communities

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12
Q

What is global warming?

A

A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the Earths atmosphere to the greenhouse effect

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13
Q

What is deforestation?

A

The action of clearing a large areas of trees

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14
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

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15
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important or desirable

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16
Q

What is desertification?

A

The process by which fertile land becomes desert as a result of drought, deforestation or inappropriate agriculture

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17
Q

What is soil degradation?

A

The decline is soil condition caused by its improper use of poor management

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18
Q

What is monoculture?

A

The cultivation of a single crop in a given area

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19
Q

What is the definition of carbon dioxide?

A

A heavy colourless gas that is formed by burning fossil fuels

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20
Q

What is methane?

A

A powerful GHG

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21
Q

What is agricultural methane?

A

Released primarily by ruminant animals

22
Q

What is nitrous oxide?

A

Released mainly from the use of manmade fertiliser and is also associated with manure management

23
Q

What are habitats?

A

The natural home or environment of an animal, plant or other organism

24
Q

What is irrigation?

A

The supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels

25
Q

What is meant by the term ‘soil erosion’?

A

Movement of topsoil by natural forces such as water and wind or through agricultural practices

26
Q

What is cultivated soil?

A

Surface preparation for sowing and planting
This improves soil structure and ensures easy application of fertiliser, manure and lime

27
Q

What does aquifer mean?

A

A body of rock that holds ground water

28
Q

What does eutrophication mean?

A

Nutrients from fertilisers wash into waterways causing eutrophication
This causes algae to grow and O2 to be reduced leading to the death of fish

29
Q

Who is contributing to an increase in carbon footprint?

A

Those who eat meat regularly

30
Q

What 3 factors does the livestock sector affect?

A

Climate change
Biodiversity
Management of soil & water

31
Q

In what ways does cutting out meat help with climate change?

A

Food being harvested, stored and processed all uses a lot of energy and by reducing meat intake will help climate change

32
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community of animals, plants and organisms together within a habitat

33
Q

How does animal agriculture contribute to climate change?

A

Feeding massive amounts of grain and water to farmed animals

34
Q

How does animal agriculture contribute to carbon footprint?

A

Processing, transporting, storing - very energy intensive

35
Q

What gas does cow manure release?

A

Methane - greenhouse gas - affects the environment

36
Q

What releases carbon dioxide?

A

Burning fossil fuels

37
Q

What is deforestation?

A

Conservation of pasture and cropland

38
Q

What will affect sequestration?

A

This is a natural resource of sucking up carbon dioxide, deforestation will affect this

39
Q

What is the largest source of methane production?

A

The animal agriculture sector

40
Q

How is methane produced?

A

Animal waste is stored in lagoons or pits and releases methane as a gas

41
Q

What does CAFO’s stand for?

A

Concentrated animal feeding operations

42
Q

5 points about local and seasonal produce:

A

Fresh
Less intensive
Organic
Nutritional
Sell produce in local outlets

43
Q

Who are the FAO?

A

An organisation who want to achieve food security and make sure people have regular access to high quality food

44
Q

Name 1 link between animal farming and water pollution:

A

Run-off from slurry into waterways is one way water pollution occurs

45
Q

What happens if slurry runs into waterways?

A

It stimulates the growth of algae and this therefore reduces the oxygen available for fish leading to the death of the animals in the water

46
Q

What is the name for this affect on water?

A

Eutrophication

47
Q

Give one impact of animal farming on soil:

A

It can lead to soil erosion which means the soil becomes damaged

48
Q

Explain soil erosion:

A

This is when the soil particles detach and deteriorate leading to the breakdown and erosion of soil

49
Q

What is another impact of animal farming on the soil?

A

There is a release of greenhouse gases which has a negative effect on the soil and also has a major impact on the environment

50
Q

Why are greenhouse gases bad?

A

Greenhouse gases increase climate change and affect the ozone layer which has a negative effect on the environment

Nutrition and Food Science A2 (3 decks)

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