food studies

Question 1

define food matrix

Answer 1

the nutrient and non-nutrient components of foods and their molecular relationships

Question 2

name the 5 sections of the eat well guide and what % they make up

Answer 2

fruit and veg - 40%
protein - 12%
dairy and alternatives - 8%
Carbohydrates - 38%
oils and spread - 1%

Question 3

energy in carbohydrates (kcal/g)

Answer 3

3.75

Question 4

energy in protein (kcal/g)

Answer 4

4.0

Question 5

energy in fat (kcal/g)

Answer 5

9

Question 6

energy in alcohol (kcal/g)

Answer 6

7

Question 7

does the eat well guide apply to everyone?

Answer 7

not under 2 years old

Question 8

what is a portion of fruit and veg?

Answer 8

80g fresh, 30g dried, 150ml fruit juice

Question 9

cereals are low in …. and are a good source of …

Answer 9

potassium, zinc

Question 10

which part of the grain contains all of the micro and macro nutrients of the grain?

Answer 10

bran and aleurone

Question 11

which part of the grain contains the new plant

Answer 11

embryo

Question 12

what is the composition of carbs and protein in cereals

Answer 12

75% carbs, 6-15% protein

Question 13

what are phytochemical

Answer 13

chemical compounds produced by plants to protect against herbivores, to resist fungi, bacteria and plant viruses

Question 14

what % of adults in the UK were eating the recommended 5/day in 2017

Answer 14

29%

Question 15

what sugar is common granulated sugar

Answer 15

sucrose

Question 16

what foods are glucose found in

Answer 16

honey, sugar, fruit and veg

Question 17

what foods are fructose found in

Answer 17

honey, sugar, fruit and veg, processed food and drinks

Question 18

what food is galactose found in

Answer 18

milk

Question 19

what sugar components are found in sucrose

what foods contain sucrose

Answer 19

glucose + fructose

table sugar, golden syrup, honey, fruit, veg

Question 20

what sugar components are found in lactose

what foods contain lactose

Answer 20

glucose + galactose

milk products

Question 21

what sugar components are found in maltose

what foods contain maltose

Answer 21

glucose + glucose

alcohol

Question 22

what are free sugars

Answer 22

all mono and disaccharides added to foods and drinks

Question 23

what is the RDI for free sugars

Answer 23

less than 5%

Question 24

what are intrinsic and extrinsic sugars

Answer 24

intrinsic - contains within the plant cell

extrinsic - free sugars

Question 25

how is alcohol produced

Answer 25

fermentation - yeast grow by feeding on the sugars and produce alcohol and CO2

Question 26

what is 1 unit of alcohol

Answer 26

10ml (8g)

Question 27

what is fresh meat?

Answer 27

meat that has not undergone any preserving process other than chilling, freezing or quick-freezing

Question 28

which proteins are in cells

Answer 28

actin and myosin

Question 29

which protein undergoes major change when cooked

Answer 29

myo-fibrillar proteins

Question 30

which proteins make up the connective tissue

Answer 30

collagen and elastin

Question 31

does age affect muscle fibres?

Answer 31

yes, younger animals or less active animals have finer muscle fibres (tender). older animals or those who do more work have thick muscle fibres (tougher meat)

Question 32

what makes meat red

Answer 32

myoglobin

Question 33

why does meat turn bright red20 minutes after being cut

Answer 33

myoglobin changes to oxymyoglobin

Question 34

how many grams of protein is in raw red meat/ (/100g)

Answer 34

20-25g

Question 35

how many grams of protein are in cooked meat (/100g)

Answer 35

28-36g

Question 36

what are processed meats

Answer 36

cured, smoked or has had salt or chemical preservatives added

Question 37

what 4 things are added to processed meats

Answer 37

salt - flavour enhancement phosphates - retains moisture sugar - counteracts saltiness nitrates (and nitrite) - preserves meat

Question 38

name some shellfish

Answer 38

crustaceans - crab, crayfish, lobster, shrimp | mollusks - bivalve (clam, mussel, oyster, scallop), univalve (snail), cephalopod (octopus, squid)

Question 39

does fish have shorter or longer muscle fibres than meat?

Answer 39

shorter

Question 40

does fish have more or less connective tissue than meat?

Answer 40

much less | - muscle cells run parallel connecting to sheaths of connective tissue

Question 41

what vitamins does fish oil contain

Answer 41

fat soluble A and D and PUFA

Question 42

what are the three main omega-3 fatty acids in oily fish

Answer 42

short chain - ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) required to make... long chain - EPA long chain - DHA

Question 43

what are the recommendations for fish intake

Answer 43

2 portions a week - 1 oily

Question 44

what types of fish should pregnant women avoid?

Answer 44

shark, swordfish and marlin - high mercury risk | raw shell fish - food poisoning risk

Question 45

define fats and oils

Answer 45

long hydrocarbon chain with a terminal carboxyl group

Question 46

what are saturated fats

Answer 46

solid fats, straight chain fatty acids

Question 47

what are unsaturated fats

Answer 47

liquid, kinked chain fatty acid because of C=C bonds

Question 48

name some foods high in saturated fats

Answer 48

animal fat, coconut oil

Question 49

name some foods high in monounsaturated fats

Answer 49

olive oil, nuts, avocado

Question 50

name some foods high in polyunsaturated fats

Answer 50

plant oils, oily fish, nuts, seeds

Question 51

name some potential effects on health of overconsumption of fats

Answer 51

CVD, stroke, cancer

Question 52

what processed cause oxidation (rancidity) of fats

Answer 52

oxidation, hydrolysis

Question 53

what is the effect of rancidity on lipids

Answer 53

causes them to bee un-palatable, bad odour, unhealthy to digest

Question 54

are saturated or unsaturated fats more susceptible to oxidation

Answer 54

Unsaturated

Question 55

2 things that contribute to oxidation

Answer 55

oxygen, UV light

Question 56

2 primary products of oxidation

Answer 56

peroxides (ROO) and hydroperoxides (ROOH)

Question 57

what proteins are in milk

Answer 57

caseins and whey

Question 58

what vitamins are in milk

Answer 58

fat soluble vitamins A,D,E and K

Question 59

what is a portion of dairy?

Answer 59

200ml glass milk, 150g pot of yogurt or 30g cheese