Food Safe Study Guide Flashcards
What does it mean to have a culture of safety
Everyone understands why certain procedures need to be followed and take responsibility for safe handling of food
What role do suppliers play in keeping our food safe
Providing high-quality and safe ingredients -kept at proper temperatures and reject unsafe products
What role do food establishments play in keeping our food safe
Proper food handling, storage and temperature control, regular inspections, safe cooking and serving, allergen management, and training and education.
What is the food handler’s responsibility in protecting food from contamination
Following proper hygiene practices
How can reports of a food borne illness affect a business and people’s jobs
People might stop going there meaning the business will stop making money and may eventually close down. Lots of people will lose their jobs
How can understanding food safe handling practices reduce the risk of foodborne illness and protect the reputation of food service establishments
Make the food safe
What are Saskatchewan’s food safety laws
At least one person has to be food safe certified in the kitchen at all times
Who is responsible for enforcing Saskatchewan food safety laws
Public health inspectors (PHIs)
Saskatchewan health authority (SHA)
What should you do if you suspect you have experienced a foodborne illness
Contact the health region to file a foodborne illness complaint
As an employee, how do you handle a food borne illness complaint
Be polite and attentive, record as much information as possible on a food borne illness report form, encourage the customer to contact the local health authorities. Don’t try to diagnose the illness or suggest treatments
List local health authorities responsibilities (municipal, city, and provincial)
Food sold in retail stores
Food served in food service establishments
Food served in institutions such as hospitals and care homes
Food processing facilities that do not ship their products across provincial boundaries or export out of the country
Food storage facilities such as food warehouses
Transportation of food
List health Canada/First Nation health authorities responsibilities
Food served in public conveyance such as ships and airplanes
Food prepared and served on First Nations and Inuit lands
List responsibilities of CFIA(Canadian Food Inspection Agency)
Imported foods
Food processing facilities that ship their products across provincial boundaries or export out of the country
List responsibilities of Provincial Agriculture Departments
Food grown on farms
List three causes on foodborne illness
Chemical, physical, and biological
Give three examples of chemical contamination
Cleaning agents, pesticides, and dissolved metals
Give three examples of physical contamination
Hair, insects, and metal particles
Give three examples of biological contamination
Infected workers, contaminated workers, and improperly washed dishes
What type of contaminant causes most cases of food borne illness
Biological
List the ten major improper food handling practices that cause foodborne illness outbreaks
Improper cooking, advance preparation, infected food handlers, improper reheating, improper hot-holding, contaminated raw food or ingredients, unsafe source, use of leftovers, cross-contamination, inadequate cooking
What are common symptoms caused my allergic reactions
Hives, upset stomach, anaphylactic shock.
Respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, skin, neurological
What is anaphylactic shock and why is it dangerous
It is a life threatening allergic reaction. Its symptoms can vary and are unpredictable. It requires immediate treatment with epinephrine and a quick transportation to the hospital. Can cause death if untreated. Symptoms are, rapid, weak pulse, skin rash, and vomiting.
List the most common allergens
Eggs, milk, mustard, peanuts, seafood, sesame, soy, sulphites, tree nuts, and wheat
What are four ways we can reduce the risk of allergic reactions to the food we serve
Never substitute ingredients and make sure everyone is aware of any changes, remember that ingredients can have more than one name-check with chef, some food items are made up of many ingredients that can contain allergens, use separate utensils to prevent cross contamination
What is a microbe
A living thing that can only be seen with a microscope. Some microbes are beneficial to us.
What is a pathogen
A microbe that can cause illness and even death. “Something that produces sickness.”
List the five types of microbes
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa, and fungi
Give two examples of bacteria
E.Coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria
Give two examples of viruses
Hepatitis A, Norovirus
Give two examples of parasites
Trichinella, roundworms
Give two examples of Protozoa
Giardiasis, Giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium
Give two examples of fungi
Mould, yeasts, mushrooms
What is food intoxication
Eating food that contains toxins that are released by pathogens. The pathogens themselves do not cause illness. Symptoms appear fast.
What is a food infection
Eating food that contains live bacteria or pathogens. These pathogens cause illness as they grow in the human gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms appear later. Bacteria can be killed by high heat.
How are spores produced
They produce a hard coating to protect themselves from stressful conditions such as extreme heat, cold, dryness, and chemicals. When they are removed from heat and left at room temperature, the spore coating splits open and a normal bacterium emerges and multiplies
What is the significance of toxins
Some can be destroyed by cooking, but others are heat resistant and will survive high cooking temperatures. The production of toxins can be controlled by paying attention to time and temperature when storing and preparing food
List the six conditions under which bacteria can multiply
Food
Acid
Temperature
Time
Oxygen
Moisture
List the low acid foods that pose a greater risk of growing bacteria
Vegetables, eggs, meats, and soft cheeses
What do the low acid foods have in common
All have a near neutral PH
What is the danger zone and what is it’s temperature range
It is the zone in which harmful bacteria can multiply rapidly
4 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius
At what temperature do frozen things need to be stored at
-18 degrees Celsius
What temperature does chilled food need to be stored at
0 degrees Celsius
At what temperature do hot foods need to be cooked to
74 degrees Celsius
At what temperature should food be kept at when serving/hot holding
60 degrees Celsius
At what temperature do things boil at
100 degrees Celsius
How does time affect bacteria and how can you reduce the chance that high risk food will become contaminated by bacteria
The longer food is left in the danger zone, the faster the bacteria will multiply. You can reduce this by restricting the amount of time you leave food in the danger zone. Every 20 minutes it doubles.
What is aerobic bacteria
Bacteria that requires oxygen to grow
What is anaerobic bacteria
Bacteria that only grows when there’s no oxygen
Why can vacuum packaging be deceiving
Because anaerobic bacteria can still multiply so you still need to keep the food out of the danger zone.
What types of food have high levels of moisture
Meats, produces, and soft cheeses
What are the components in the cycle of transmission
The food handler, the food, and the environment
What role does food play in the cycle of transmission
Hazardous food, raw meat, poultry
What role does the food handler play in the cycle of transmission
Dirty hands, touching skin, sneezing
What role does the environment play in the cycle of transmission
Contaminated surfaces, insects, rodents
What is direct transmission. Give two examples
When microbes transfer directly from the source of contamination to the food. Contaminated raw meat juices drip onto fresh produce. Infected food handler sneezes into the food.
What is indirect transmission or cross contamination. Give one example.
There’s an intermediate step between the source of contamination and the food. Cutting board is used to cut up meat and then vegetables.
What is a food safety plan (FSP)
Written plans for the safe preparation of each menu item in the establishment
What does HACCP stand for
Hazard
Analysis
Critical
Control
Points
Explain the hazard step in HACCP
Identify possible biological, chemical, and physical hazards
Explain critical control points in HACCP
It is an point beyond which no further action can be taken to eliminate a hazard
What is a critical limit in HACCP
Specific and measurable limits that indicate effective control of a critical control point
What are monitoring actions in HACCP
Checks, measurements, or observations that prove that the critical limit is met
What are corrective actions in HACCP
Procedures that should be followed when a critical limit has not been met
Why is personal hygiene and good health important for food handlers
Because they are one of the three components in the cycle of transmission
List six steps for proper handwashing
Wet hands with warm water, apply liquid soap and lather for 20-30 seconds, scrub backs of hands, wrists, between all fingers, and under nails, rinse under running water, hands pointing down towards the drain, turn off taps and open door using paper towel
Why do some food service establishments use gloves
Provides and extra layer of protection between hands and food. Can pick up bacteria like your hands so they need to be changed often.
Why should you not use latex gloves
Latex is a common allergen and can cause severe allergic reactions
What are nine basic points to remember about personal hygiene
Wash your hands after any contact with potential contamination, don’t use alcohol based hand gels, change from street clothes to work clothes, change your uniform and apron as often as necessary, avoid wiping hands on apron, restrain your hair with a hairnet, hair elastic, or hat, avoid touching face, avoid doing things that put your hands into contact with your mouth, use a single utensil when tasting food
Why should you stay home if you are experiencing nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or open cuts and sores
Infected food handlers are a significant cause of food borne illness outbreaks- can transmit illness to coworkers and customers
Why is it important to use only approved sources for food
To make sure it’s inspected and safe
What are reasons why a product or shipment might be rejected
Vehicle could be dirty, have evidence of pests, refrigeration unit may be broken or at incorrect temperature. Things could be spoiled or damaged.
List 4 proper procedures for receiving a food delivery
Ensure chemicals have been stored separately from food, check refrigeration and freezer units, using a probe thermometer, check the internal temperature of refrigeration and frozen foods, do not accept food that is spoiled, damaged, or past it’s best before date
List the order in which foods should be put away
Potentially hazardous foods requiring refrigeration(meats, seafood, dairy), frozen foods, less hazardous foods that require refrigeration, dry goods
What does FIFO stand for and why is it important
First in, first out. Old stuff gets used before the new stuff.
Describe safe food procedures for storing food
Protect food from contamination by wrapping and covering it, make sure it’s labeled with food name and date it was received, don’t store food on the floor, always store raw animal foods on the bottom shelf
Describe proper procedures for thawing frozen foods
Refrigerator: at or below 4 degrees Celsius, raw meat below other foods, at least 24 hours per 2.5 kilos
Cold water: food must be in leak proof, water proof packaging in cold tap water, changing water every 30 mins
Microwave: small quantities only, doesn’t thaw food evenly, cooked thawed food immediately
What is the most important thing to remember about thawing foods
Never thaw at room temperature
Explain methods to prevent cross contamination when preparing foods
Always clean and sanitize anything that touches food
Use separate cutting boards for different kinds of food(potentially hazardous)
Keep raw foods away from cooked foods
Why is it important to cook foods to the correct temperature
To make sure pathogens are killed
How to use a food thermometer
Make sure it’s calibrated frequently, cleaned and sanitized after each use, use in coldest part of food
Safe procedures for hot holding food
At or above 60 degrees Celsius
Food preheated to 74 degrees Celsius
Three ways to properly cool foods
Place container of food in an ice bath, stirring with ice wand, divide in shallow metal pans in the cooler
How to reheat food properly
Reheat rapidly to 74 degrees Celsius
Hold at or above 60 degrees Celsius
Ways to reduce the risk of contamination in self service and buffet situations
Ensure food and hot holding unit are preheated or pre cooled, make sure handles don’t touch the food, use sneeze guards, reminds guests to use a clean plate for each trip to the buffet table, never add fresh food to old food, children are supervised, limit food to what can be used in two hours
What do you tell customers if they take leftovers home
Food should be consumed or refrigerated within two hours
Reheat to 74 degrees Celsius
Two most important points in transporting food off premises
Hot foods at 60 and cold foods at 4
Five steps to manual dishwashing
Scraping- soak utensils and flatware for 10-15 minutes
Washing- in 45 degrees Celsius water, changed regularly
Rinsing- in hot water
Sanitizing- for two or more minutes in 28ml of bleach per 4.5L of water
Air drying- on a sloped drying rack
Correct temperature for wash and sanitizing cycles of a high temperature dishwasher
Wash- 60
Sanitize- 82 for at least 10 seconds
Correct temperature for low temperature dishwasher
60 degrees Celsius
Correct concentration of sanitizer in a low temperature dishwasher
50ppm chlorine or 12.5ppm iodine
Glass dishwasher temperature
50-60 degrees Celsius
How to check sanitizer levels in a low temperature dishwasher
Use sanitizer test papers
Two components of a sanitation plan
A list of cleaning and sanitizing agents used in establishment-how to use, concentration, and how to safely store
Cleaning schedule for who cleans things, how to clean it, and how often it should be cleaned
Signs of pest infestation
Birds- droppings and nesting materials
Flies- maggots and swarms of flies
Cockroaches- brown, oval shaped eggshell casings
Mice- small, black, rice shaped droppings
Rats- brown, cigar shaped droppings
Nine requirements for food service establishments
Adequate lighting, potable water, adequate water supply, proper food waste disposal, hand washing sinks, proper dishwashing facilities, grease traps, adequate storage space, proper ventilation
Characteristics of safe food contact surfaces
Durable, non absorbent, easy to clean, non toxic, smooth, light coloured
