Food Provenance: Food Source and Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What are cereals?

A

important foods around the world, staple food within countries are they are cheap to produce compared to proteins

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2
Q

what are the main types of cereals?

A

wheat, rice, maize, oats, barley, rye

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3
Q

where is wheat grown?

A

Europe, China, India, Russia, USA, Canada, Australia

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4
Q

What is wheat used for?

A

baked products, some contain more gluten for specific products
make other products
make breakfast cereals

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5
Q

Where is rice grown?

A

China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand

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6
Q

What is rice used for?

A

long grain - savoury dishes
short grain - puddings
made into flour and breakfast cereals

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7
Q

Where is maize grown?

A

USA, China, Brazil, Mexico

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8
Q

What is maize used for?

A

made into variety of products, corn oil
can be eaten as vegetable

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9
Q

Where are oats grown?

A

Russia, Canada, Finland, Poland

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10
Q

what are oats used for?

A

rolled instead of crushed when processed, sold in grades (coarse, medium, fine)
Ingredient
breakfast cereals

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11
Q

Where is barley grown?

A

Russia, France, Germany, UK

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12
Q

What is barley used for?

A

alternative to rice
used in soups and stews
animal feed

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13
Q

Where is rye grown?

A

Europe, Russia, Canada, USA

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14
Q

What is rye used for?

A

ground into flour - darkbread

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15
Q

Where is spelt grown?

A

UK, Russia, Spain - same function as wheat

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16
Q

What are sugars?

A

Natural sweetness made from plants: sugar beet and canes

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17
Q

how much sugar comes from sugarcanes worldwide?

A

80%

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18
Q

where are sugar canes grown?

A

tropical climates

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19
Q

where are sugar beets grown?

A

northern hemisphere

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20
Q

what is maple syrup?

A

plant juices of the maple tree, distinct flavour and is very sweet

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21
Q

what are the four main types of fruit?

A

citrus, soft/berry, hard and other

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22
Q

what do the cells plants are made up of contain?

A

cell wall (cellulose)
cytoplasm (jelly substance that has pigment + fat)
vacuole (largest part, contain sugar, pigments and salts)

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23
Q

examples of citrus fruit

A

lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruit

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24
Q

examples of soft/berry fruit

A

raspberries, strawberries, blueberries and blackcurrants

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25
examples of hard fruit
apples and pears
26
how are vegetables similar to fruit?
structure
27
what does the colour of the vegetables depend on?
chlorophyll - provides green colour carotenoids - yellow and orange anthocyanins - red and blue
28
what is destroyed when fruit+veg are processed?
water soluble vitamins
29
what are the advantages of locally produced fruit + veg?
fresher, fewer food miles, reduced carbon footprint, less energy in transporting, support UK farmers
30
what are the disadvantages of locally produced fruit + veg?
not as much choice, food different sizes, expensive
31
why are some vegetables grown in artificial environments?
conditions monitored and controlled to increase productivity
32
what are hydroponics?
soil is replaced with a mineral solution which is pumped around the plant roots, less risk of disease
33
what is a carbon footprint?
measure of impact of human activities on the environment in terms of greenhouse gases
34
what are the four types of meat?
offals, poultry, game and meat
35
examples of offals
kidney, liver, tongue
36
examples of poultry
duck, turkey, chicken, goose
37
examples of meat
beef, lamb, pork, bacon
38
different ways of producing eggs
cage systems, barn eggs, free range, organic
39
what does it mean when a food is produced sustainably?
resource will not run out
40
what is the red tractor assurance logo?
independent mark of quality, farms meet a high standard of safety and hygiene, animal welfare and production
41
what is intensive farming?
large amount of produce generated from a relatively small area of land
42
why are people concerned about pesticides?
concerned about long term effect of the fertilisers and pesticides can have on us
43
what does organic mean?
approved by organic certificates produced by farmers who grow, handle and process crops without synthetic fertilisers no genetically engineered ingredients no antibiotics or growth hormones natural fertilisers
44
why would people choose organic food?
tastes better, concerned about use of pesticides, effect of chemicals on environment
45
what are the types of fish?
white round, white flat, oily, shellfish molluscs, shellfish crustaceans
46
what is trawling?
using nets pulled along the seafloor to catch fish
47
what is dredging?
metal cages or baskets towed along seafloor to catch shellfish
48
what is gill netting?
curtains of netting suspended in sea to catch fish
49
what is harpooning?
long metal or wooden pole lunged into fish
50
what is jiggling?
grappling hook to target fish
51
what is long lining?
runs for miles, strung with baited hooks
52
what is pole and line fishing?
fishing pole
53
what is purse seining?
drawing a large net around a school of fish
54
what are traps and pots?
wire and wood cages with bait that attracts fish
55
what is cyanide fishing?
explosives to kill or stunt fish, easier to catch
56
how can fishing methods be harmful to the environment?
- trawler nets and dredging baskets damage seabeds - dredging is noisy, disturb whales and dolphins - can result in bycatch - other marine life can get trapped
57
what is the marine stewardship council logo?
sets standards for sustainable fishing and seafood traceability
58
how to reduce the environmental impact of fishing:
- sink line deeper - release unwanted species - larger holes in the net - setting up marine reserves
59
what are the types of fish farming?
farming, sear ranching, sea rearing
60
what is fish farming?
the whole process takes place in captivity, breeding of the eggs through the catching of fish
61
what is sea rearing?
young fish are caught in the wild then grown in controlled environments
62
what is sea ranching?
young fish are bred in captivity, then released into the wild
63
what are the advantages of fish farming?
- wild fish stocks not reduced - indoor fish are protected from changes in the weather - fish cannot escape - fish are protected from predators - competing species cannot enter fish farm
64
what are the disadvantages of fish farming?
- running costs can be expensive - setting up costs can be expensive - more disease as they are close together - antibiotics and pesticides used to control diseases - drugs can pollute the surrounding water