Food Provenance: Food Source and Supply

Question 1

What are cereals?

Answer 1

important foods around the world, staple food within countries are they are cheap to produce compared to proteins

Question 2

what are the main types of cereals?

Answer 2

wheat, rice, maize, oats, barley, rye

Question 3

where is wheat grown?

Answer 3

Europe, China, India, Russia, USA, Canada, Australia

Question 4

What is wheat used for?

Answer 4

baked products, some contain more gluten for specific products
make other products
make breakfast cereals

Question 5

Where is rice grown?

Answer 5

China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand

Question 6

What is rice used for?

Answer 6

long grain - savoury dishes
short grain - puddings
made into flour and breakfast cereals

Question 7

Where is maize grown?

Answer 7

USA, China, Brazil, Mexico

Question 8

What is maize used for?

Answer 8

made into variety of products, corn oil
can be eaten as vegetable

Question 9

Where are oats grown?

Answer 9

Russia, Canada, Finland, Poland

Question 10

what are oats used for?

Answer 10

rolled instead of crushed when processed, sold in grades (coarse, medium, fine)
Ingredient
breakfast cereals

Question 11

Where is barley grown?

Answer 11

Russia, France, Germany, UK

Question 12

What is barley used for?

Answer 12

alternative to rice
used in soups and stews
animal feed

Question 13

Where is rye grown?

Answer 13

Europe, Russia, Canada, USA

Question 14

What is rye used for?

Answer 14

ground into flour - darkbread

Question 15

Where is spelt grown?

Answer 15

UK, Russia, Spain - same function as wheat

Question 16

What are sugars?

Answer 16

Natural sweetness made from plants: sugar beet and canes

Question 17

how much sugar comes from sugarcanes worldwide?

Answer 17

80%

Question 18

where are sugar canes grown?

Answer 18

tropical climates

Question 19

where are sugar beets grown?

Answer 19

northern hemisphere

Question 20

what is maple syrup?

Answer 20

plant juices of the maple tree, distinct flavour and is very sweet

Question 21

what are the four main types of fruit?

Answer 21

citrus, soft/berry, hard and other

Question 22

what do the cells plants are made up of contain?

Answer 22

cell wall (cellulose)
cytoplasm (jelly substance that has pigment + fat)
vacuole (largest part, contain sugar, pigments and salts)

Question 23

examples of citrus fruit

Answer 23

lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruit

Question 24

examples of soft/berry fruit

Answer 24

raspberries, strawberries, blueberries and blackcurrants

Question 25

examples of hard fruit

Answer 25

apples and pears

Question 26

how are vegetables similar to fruit?

Answer 26

structure

Question 27

what does the colour of the vegetables depend on?

Answer 27

chlorophyll - provides green colour carotenoids - yellow and orange anthocyanins - red and blue

Question 28

what is destroyed when fruit+veg are processed?

Answer 28

water soluble vitamins

Question 29

what are the advantages of locally produced fruit + veg?

Answer 29

fresher, fewer food miles, reduced carbon footprint, less energy in transporting, support UK farmers

Question 30

what are the disadvantages of locally produced fruit + veg?

Answer 30

not as much choice, food different sizes, expensive

Question 31

why are some vegetables grown in artificial environments?

Answer 31

conditions monitored and controlled to increase productivity

Question 32

what are hydroponics?

Answer 32

soil is replaced with a mineral solution which is pumped around the plant roots, less risk of disease

Question 33

what is a carbon footprint?

Answer 33

measure of impact of human activities on the environment in terms of greenhouse gases

Question 34

what are the four types of meat?

Answer 34

offals, poultry, game and meat

Question 35

examples of offals

Answer 35

kidney, liver, tongue

Question 36

examples of poultry

Answer 36

duck, turkey, chicken, goose

Question 37

examples of meat

Answer 37

beef, lamb, pork, bacon

Question 38

different ways of producing eggs

Answer 38

cage systems, barn eggs, free range, organic

Question 39

what does it mean when a food is produced sustainably?

Answer 39

resource will not run out

Question 40

what is the red tractor assurance logo?

Answer 40

independent mark of quality, farms meet a high standard of safety and hygiene, animal welfare and production

Question 41

what is intensive farming?

Answer 41

large amount of produce generated from a relatively small area of land

Question 42

why are people concerned about pesticides?

Answer 42

concerned about long term effect of the fertilisers and pesticides can have on us

Question 43

what does organic mean?

Answer 43

approved by organic certificates produced by farmers who grow, handle and process crops without synthetic fertilisers no genetically engineered ingredients no antibiotics or growth hormones natural fertilisers

Question 44

why would people choose organic food?

Answer 44

tastes better, concerned about use of pesticides, effect of chemicals on environment

Question 45

what are the types of fish?

Answer 45

white round, white flat, oily, shellfish molluscs, shellfish crustaceans

Question 46

what is trawling?

Answer 46

using nets pulled along the seafloor to catch fish

Question 47

what is dredging?

Answer 47

metal cages or baskets towed along seafloor to catch shellfish

Question 48

what is gill netting?

Answer 48

curtains of netting suspended in sea to catch fish

Question 49

what is harpooning?

Answer 49

long metal or wooden pole lunged into fish

Question 50

what is jiggling?

Answer 50

grappling hook to target fish

Question 51

what is long lining?

Answer 51

runs for miles, strung with baited hooks

Question 52

what is pole and line fishing?

Answer 52

fishing pole

Question 53

what is purse seining?

Answer 53

drawing a large net around a school of fish

Question 54

what are traps and pots?

Answer 54

wire and wood cages with bait that attracts fish

Question 55

what is cyanide fishing?

Answer 55

explosives to kill or stunt fish, easier to catch

Question 56

how can fishing methods be harmful to the environment?

Answer 56

- trawler nets and dredging baskets damage seabeds - dredging is noisy, disturb whales and dolphins - can result in bycatch - other marine life can get trapped

Question 57

what is the marine stewardship council logo?

Answer 57

sets standards for sustainable fishing and seafood traceability

Question 58

how to reduce the environmental impact of fishing:

Answer 58

- sink line deeper - release unwanted species - larger holes in the net - setting up marine reserves

Question 59

what are the types of fish farming?

Answer 59

farming, sear ranching, sea rearing

Question 60

what is fish farming?

Answer 60

the whole process takes place in captivity, breeding of the eggs through the catching of fish

Question 61

what is sea rearing?

Answer 61

young fish are caught in the wild then grown in controlled environments

Question 62

what is sea ranching?

Answer 62

young fish are bred in captivity, then released into the wild

Question 63

what are the advantages of fish farming?

Answer 63

- wild fish stocks not reduced - indoor fish are protected from changes in the weather - fish cannot escape - fish are protected from predators - competing species cannot enter fish farm

Question 64

what are the disadvantages of fish farming?

Answer 64

- running costs can be expensive - setting up costs can be expensive - more disease as they are close together - antibiotics and pesticides used to control diseases - drugs can pollute the surrounding water