Food Provenance Flashcards
what is food provenance
Where food initially comes from.
what are the two ways crops can be grown
intensively- using chemicals to achieve maximum yields
or
organically - using natural methods to grow food
features of intensive farming
Uses methods that will produce the highest possible yield. production is often on a larger scale and with huge areas growing the same crop.
They often use large mechanical equipment to save time and cut down production costs.
Chemical fertilisers in order to supply nutrients to crops to active best growth and development
pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides are sprayed onto the the plants to artificially protect them form harmful insects and weeds that could affect their growth.
artificial substances could lead to possible pollution of rivers, harm wildlife, possible harmful effect on human health
Features of organic farming
organ farming grows without artificial fertilisers and pesticides etc. they will instead use lady bugs to eat aphids.
Farmers often grow less and rotate crops/ soil to make sure soil is always fertile
organic manure or compost is added to soil so that plants have a natural fertiliser
however all these methods produce less crops and are more expensive.
Advantages and disadvantages of organic?
Advantages- less use of artificial (chemical) pesticides, insecticides, herbicides going onto land so it is better for environment.
appeal more to customers that are concerned With consuming intensive farmed products.
crops are grown in a more sustainable way so it had less negative impacts on environment
Disadvantages- production is slower as they only use natural resources which may work less effectively.
its more expensive as higher production costs
There is a lower yield of crops
what are genetically modified foods
Foods that have altered genes to give to useful characteristics such as improving its growth or changing its colours.
if more that 0.9 of foods genes/ genetic information has been altered it must be declared as GM
crops are modified by a
desirable gene from another crop being inserted into the other corp to modify it and improve it
examples of genetic modification
maize has been genetically modified to become more pest resistant as a result there is a higher yield as less is being eaten by pests.
crops can become genetically modified so that it can become herbicide resistant and not die when other chemicals are applied.
Currently no GM crops in UK but some in USA - maize, soya bean, cotton
advantages of genetic modification
Crops can be madero grow quicker to have a higher yield.
crops can be produced cheaper resulting in cheaper price for consumer.
crops can remade to ripen quicker so that more fresh food is available in any season/ withstand very hot or cold temperatures.
crops can be made to contain more nutrients preventing sever deficiencies
Crops can be made to have longer shelf life so that less is wasted
resist bad weather and help farmers by resetting common meant diseases
Disadvantages of genetic modification
the long term effects of genetically modified foods on humans is not yet known as GM foods haven’t been around for very long.
GM crops genes can get Into environment interfering with natural habitat and creating weedkiller resistant weeds resulting in indestructible weeds.
GM crops are restricted by some countries such as countries within European Union.
what are some consumer safety concerns about genetic modification.
That foods are becoming unnatural
all GM crops should be specifically labeled
animals that gave consumed GM foods should are not legible and should not be consumed.
GM foods should undergo strike safety assessments.
what type of foods are grown
fruits, vegetables and cereals
what types of food are reared and how can they be reared
meat and poultry- chicken, cow, pigs, lamb, duck. Through free range farming or intensive farming or organically.
what type of foods are caught
fish
what is the EU law about foods
Foods should be fully traceable meaning we should be able to track any food source at all of its stages.
production and processing - supply
who can food be labelled as organic
when at least 95% of ingredients come from organic sources.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of intensively reared/ farmed animals. and features.
intensive reared animals are typically mass produces, they are kept in close proximity and confinement, with little to o space to roam.
fead supplements and chemicals which encourage growth which can harm the animals health and well being, could also increase the risk of disease spreading.
limited movement also conserves animal energy for growth and requites less land- this means greater yield and less expenditure and more profit, the product would be cheaper for customers due to lower costs of production.
guidelines of organically reared meat
free range - meaning they should have an adequate amount of land to roam and graze from - this encourages normal and natural behaviour of animals.
because they have more space diseases are less likely.
Animals should also have some shelter that protects them form bad wether and predators- but always a risk
severe weather could be damaging to the health of free range animals and more space is needed to accommodate which raises cost for producers and cost of meat.
the use f drugs and antibiotics in the rearing of organic animals is banned- they myst have a diet which is entirely organic. No artificial fertilisers or pesticides if grass.
what does reared mean
animals that are raised and cared for
what are free range eggs
eggs bought from chicken raised in larger cages which replace cramped battery cages, barn raised chickens or free range chickens.
free range chickens have access to outside area as well as shelter of barn.
reasons for free range eggs
welfare of hens are improved by barn or free range rearing and some people think it tastes better. Most free range eggs are marked in an RSPCA assured label ( animal has been raised in accordance with certain standards)
how can fish be caught
fish can be caught form wild or farmed
different methods if catching fish
trawling is most common method of catching fish from wild, a large net is pulled along the bottom of the sea, some trawler boats will process fish on board others will process fish ashore.
Dredging is where metal cages and baskets are toed along the sea floor to catch shell fish,
long lining uses long fishing lines and baited hooks
traps and bots involve wire and wood cages with bait inside to lure sea creatures.
what is overarming fish
farming fish to the point when more fish are caught than can be replaced by natural production
This could lead to fish becoming extinct
It also endangers many types of fish
what fish are endangered by over fishing
tuna and cod populations are declining
what is sustainable fishing and how is fishing becoming more sustainable?
Is when fish are caught in ways that do not damage the environment or endanger the species.
Across European Union Quotas were introduced that limit the number of fish that can be caught
net size is regulated so smaller unwanted fish can escape
The marine stewardship council provides label for fish that originate from sustainable fishers, providing the consumer with greater awareness.
why is Fish farming bad
fish are raised in tanks however the environment becomes cramped and water if filled with pesticides and antibiotics causing diseases and parasites to spread and stay.
what generates carbon footprint
primary processing, secondary processing, packaging and manufacturing generate a carbon footprint.
what is C footprint
amount of CO2 released into atmosphere because of specific activity
what is food miles
Distance food travels to where its produced, bought and eaten.
or form farm to fork
why if food miles not great
in the uk many foods are imported form other countries- foods that we cannot grow ourselves at certain times of year or all year round.
If food comes form far away it ti high in food miles - a lot of energy has been used - some food goes to waste which can end up in land fills with further contributes to harmful gasses
garter distance - greater CO2
How can food milage be reduced
by buying local foods to support local economy and food miles are low.
Growing own vegetables which reduces food milage even more
buying seasonal produce which is cheaper and has reduced food milage
seasonal foods in UK
July - august - potatoes, runner beans, strawberries, radishes, spring onions, plumbs, raspberries, coriander, oregano i
December beetroot, Brussel sprouts, apples, pares, chestnuts
Disadvantages of buying locally
lack of variety consumer has access to is reduced
limitation to how much consumer can purchase
Benefits of buying locally
increase food bough form local produces and reduce food milage
support local economy
animal welfare as less stress on animals as they don not have to travel
fruits and vegetables maintain more vitamins and minerals that those which ache traveled large distances.
benefits of buying seasonally
Cheaper as foods are in abundance and takes less materials such as (green house, artificial lighting, artificial pollination) to grow foods.
