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Food Technology GCSE > Food Nutrition and Health: Macronutrients > Flashcards

Food Nutrition and Health: Macronutrients Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of protein in the body?

A

Growth, Repair, Maintain tissue and A Secondary Source of Energy

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2
Q

What are the HBV sources of Protein?

A
  • Meat
  • Fish
  • Eggs
  • Milk
  • Cheese
  • Soya Beans
  • Quinoa
  • Mycoprotein (Quorn)
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3
Q

What are LBV sources of Protein?

A
  • Cereals
  • Wheat
  • Peas, Beans and Lentils
  • Nuts and Seeds
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4
Q

What happens in Children if they don’t have enough Protein?

A
  • Poor Growth
  • Thinning hair or hair loss
  • Catch infections easily
  • Fluid under the skin
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5
Q

What happens in Adults if they don’t have enough Protein?

A
  • Loss of muscle
  • Fluid under the skin
  • Thinning hair or hair loss
  • Catch infections easily
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6
Q

What happens if we get too much Protein?

A
  • Puts strain on Liver and Kidneys

- Increased weight, as extra protein is converted into fat

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7
Q

How many kcal does 1 gram of protein provide?

A

4 kcals of energy

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8
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino Acids

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9
Q

How many essential amino acids are there that the body cannot make?

A

Eight

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10
Q

What is Protein complementation?

A

Using a mixture of HBV and LBV protein foods to get all the essential amino acids

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11
Q

Give an example of Protein Complementation

A

Beans on Toast, Pitta and Hummus, Lentil dhal and Rice, Peas and Chapattis

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12
Q

What are some Protein alternatives?

A

Soya, Mycoprotein, Quinoa (HBV)

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13
Q

What is the dietary reference value for protein

A
  • Boys aged 11-14 - 42.1
  • Girls aged 11-14 - 41.2
  • Men> Women due to average size difference
  • Babies and children need more due to growth
  • Teenagers need more due to the rapid growth spurt
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14
Q

What is Kwashiorkor?

A

Deficiency of protein and energy that leads to growth rates and persistent infections

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15
Q

What is the function of Fats and Oils in the body?

A
  • Provide energy
  • Keep the body warm
  • Form part of every cell
  • Protect organs
  • Provide fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK)
  • Provide the essential fatty acids
  • Make you fuller for longer because fats slow down the rate at which the stomach empties
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16
Q

How many kcal does 1 gram of Fat provide?

A

9 kcal of energy

17
Q

What are the Animal sources of fat?

A
  • Butter, Ghee
  • Lard, oose fat, suet, dripping
  • Meat and meat products
  • Oily fish
  • Full-fat Greek yoghurt
  • Hard cheese
  • Cream
  • Eggs
  • Chocolate, Pastries, Biscuits, Cakes
18
Q

What are the Vegetable sources of fat?

A
  • Vegetable and plant oils
  • Avocados and olives
  • Nuts and nut products
  • Seeds
  • Fat spreads
19
Q

What is the chemical name for fat?

A

Triglyceride - made of three fatty acid parts to one glycerol part and can be saturated or unsaturated (with or without hydrogen atoms )

20
Q

What can too much saturated fat lead to?

A

Heart disease, Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

21
Q

How many bonds do Monounsaturated fatty acids have?

A

One double bond

22
Q

How many bonds do Polyunsaturated fatty acids have?

A

Two or More double bonds

23
Q

What are the two essential fatty acids and where can they be found?

A

Omega 3 - oily fish, seeds and green leafy veg

Omega 6 - veg, grains, seeds and chicken

24
Q

What are the two types of Cholesterol?

A

Low-density lipoprotein - ‘Bad cholesterol’ (LDL)

High-density lipoprotein - ‘Good cholesterol’ (HDL)

25
Q

What is the function of Carbohydrates in the body?

A
  • Energy for movement
  • Growth
  • Chemical reactions and processes
26
Q

What are the Sugar sources of Carbohydrates?

A
  • All types of sugar
  • Treacle and golden syrup
  • Honey, Jam and marmalades
27
Q

What are the Starch sources of Carbohydrates?

A
  • Root Veg

- Cereals

28
Q

What happens if you have a carbohydrate deficiency?

A
  • Lose weight

- Poor growth in children

29
Q

What happens if we have an excess of carbohydrate?

A
  • Increase in body fat and weight, leading to obesity

- Too much sugar will cause tooth decay

30
Q

What are the different types of carbohydrate?

A 
Simple sugars 
- Monosaccharides 
   Glucose 
   Fructose
- Disaccharides 
    Sucrose 
    Lactose 
    Maltose 
Complex Carbohydrates
- Polysaccharides
    Starches 
- Non-Starch Polysaccharides
    Dietary Fibre
31
Q

What are the different types of Sugar?

A

Free Sugar
Fruit Sugar
Hidden Sugar

Food Technology GCSE (3 decks)

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