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Food technology > Food, nutrition and health > Flashcards

Food, nutrition and health Flashcards

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1
Q

What are proteins needed for?

A

growth, repair and maintenance

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2
Q

What is a high biological value in proteins?

A

Proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids we need e.g. meat and fish

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3
Q

What are low biological value proteins?

A

Proteins that are missing a few essential amino acids e.g. peas and beans

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4
Q

What is protein complementation?

A

combining different LBV proteins

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5
Q

How much protein should the average male and female consume?

A

The average male - 55g

Average female - 45g

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6
Q

Who may need more protein?

A
  1. growing children
  2. Physically active people
  3. Pregnant wome+n
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7
Q

What happens if there is too much protein in the body?`

A

puts pressure on organs that process proteins e.g. livers and kidneys

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8
Q

What happens if there is too little protein in the body?

A
  1. Growth slows down
  2. Immune system cant work properly so wounds dont heal as quicky
  3. People struggle to digest food, so some nutrients arent taken in by the body
  4. can lead to oedema - swelling and therefore kwashiorkor
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9
Q

Name a few alternative to proteins?

A
  1. Soya
  2. Mycoprotein
  3. Textured vegetable protein
  4. Tofu (curdling soya milk)
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10
Q

Why does our body need fat?

A
  1. provides energy
  2. source of fat soluble vitamins (a, d, e and k)
  3. Forms insulating layer under skin to keep us warm and to protect bones and organs
  4. used to make cholesterol, which is essential in all cell membranes
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11
Q

What are saturated fats?

A

Fats that contain a single C-C bond and that are bad for your health as they increase bad cholesterol levels

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12
Q

What are unsaturated fats?

A

Fats that contain at least a C=C double bond and are generally healthier than saturated fats

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13
Q

Give a few examples of monounsaturated fats? (one double C=C bond)

A

1- olive oil

  1. almonds
  2. Peanut butter
  3. Avocados
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14
Q

Give a few examples of polyunsaturated fats? (more than one double C=C bond)

A
  1. sesame oil
  2. Soybean oil
  3. Seeds
  4. oily fish
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15
Q

How much fat should make up our daily food energy? (percentage)

A

35%

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16
Q

How much saturated fat should adults eat a day? (percentage and grams)

A

11% and 20g

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17
Q

How much FAT should an adult take in per day? (grams)

A

70 g

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18
Q

What happens if we have too much fat in our body?

A
  1. Obesity (type 2 diabetes)

2. heart problems

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19
Q

What happens if we have too little fat in our body?

A
  1. vitamin deficiency
  2. weight loss
  3. less insulation (colder)
  4. Thinner layer of skin to protect body from knocks
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20
Q

What are carbohydrates needed for and what are two groups they can be split into>

A

They’re needed for energy and they can be split into:

  • sugar
  • starch
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21
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

basic sugar molecules e.g. glucose and fructose

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22
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

two or more monosaccharides e.g. sucrose

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23
Q

What are polysaccharides and give an example?

A

lots of monosaccharides joined together e.g starch is made up of lots of glucose molecules

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24
Q

What do complex carbohydrates like starch provide?

A
  • a gradual increase of blood sugar levels and a slow, steady release of energy
25
Q

What are High GI foods?

A

Foods that are digested quickly and cause a rapid rise in blood sugar levels e.g. white bread/pasta/rice

26
Q

What are Low GI foods?

A

Foods that are digested slowly and cause a gradual increase in blood sugar levels e.g. wholewheat bread/pasta, brown rice

27
Q

How much of our energy should come from carbs? (percentage)

A

50%

28
Q

What happens if theres too much carbs in our body?

A
  1. it is converted into fat - obesity
  2. Tooth decay from sugars
  3. Type 2 diabetes - high blood levels
29
Q

What happens if theres too little carbs in our body?

A
  1. blood sugar levels drop - fainting

2. weight loss

30
Q

What is Vitamin A needed for?

A
  • It is needed for good eyesight, growth, a healthy immune system and skin.
  • anti oxidant
31
Q

Where can you find vitamin A

A

Mainly retinol but also liver, butter, oily fish and eggs

32
Q

What happens if you have too much/too little vitamin A?

A

Too much - weak bones

Too little - night blindness, weak immune system, stunted growth

33
Q

What is Vitamin D needed for?

A

for the development of healthy bones and teeth

34
Q

Where can you find Vitamin D?

A

Oily fish, egg yolks, sunlight and milk

35
Q

What happens if you have too much Vitamin D?

A

Kidney damage

36
Q

What happens if you have too little Vitamin D?

A

Osteomalacia or rickets

37
Q

What is Vitamin E needed for?

A
  • Keeping eyes and skin healthy
  • improving immune system
  • Anti-oxidant
38
Q

Where can you find vitamin e?

A

Leaft greens (spinach and kale), broccoli

39
Q

What happens if you have too much vitamin E?

A
  1. interferes with blood clotting

2. Causes nausea and blurred vision

40
Q

What happens if you have too little Vitamin E?

A
  1. Weak muscles

2. Problems with sight

41
Q

What is Vitamin K needed for?

A

To clot blood and heal wounds, also to maintain immune system and bones

42
Q

Where can you find Vitamin K?

A

Leafy greens. cereals and vegetable oils

43
Q

What happens if you have too little Vitamin K? (theres no excessive level of vitamin k?

A

Uncontrolled bleeding in new borns

44
Q

Why must you prepare food just before you eat them?

A

Because they start losing Vitamin C, once exposed to air

45
Q

What are anti-oxidants?

A

Vitamins that protect our body from chemicals that can damage our bodys cells

46
Q

What is iron needed for ?

A

To form part of the haemoglobin whch gives blood cells their red colour

47
Q

What is calcium needed for?

A

Strong bones and teeth

48
Q

What is sodium needed for?

A
  • it helps our nerves and muscles to function (sodium chloride)
49
Q

What is phosphorus needed for and where is it found?

A

Phosphorus is needed for healthy bones and teeth and it can be found in meat

50
Q

Give two examples of trace elements? (minerals)

A
  1. Fluoride

2. Iodine

51
Q

What is the function of fibre?

A

Helps keep our digestive system working

52
Q

What is water needed for?

A
  • To eliminate waste from the body
  • To control body temperature
  • To aid the process of digestion
53
Q

What must we include in a healthy diet?

A
  1. Fruit and veg
  2. Protein
  3. Carbs
  4. Dairy products
  5. Oils and spreads (unsaturated fats)
54
Q

What nutrients are essential for children/teenagers take?

A
  1. Calcium (Vitamin D)
  2. Protein
  3. Fat (energy)
55
Q

What nutrients should adults take?

A
  1. Calcium (Vitamin D) to prevent bone diseases

2. Iron (women)

56
Q

What is BMR and what factors affect it?

A

BMR is the smallest amount of energy needed for you to stay alive. It is affected by:

  • Age
  • Gender
  • Weight
  • Exercise
57
Q

What is our PAL?

A

Our Physical activity level

58
Q

BMR * PAL =

A

Daily energy requirement

Food technology (6 decks)

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