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Food tech > Food nutrition and health > Flashcards

Food nutrition and health Flashcards

1
Q

what are proteins fats and carbohydrates?

A

macronutrients

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2
Q

what is protein needed for?

A

growth, repair + maintenance

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3
Q

list 5 foods that contain protein

A

nuts
beans
seeds
fish
meat

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4
Q

what are HBV proteins?

A

proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids we need

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5
Q

what are LBV proteins?

A

proteins that are missing one or more of the essential amino acids we need

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6
Q

where are LBV proteins found?

A

only plant sources e.g. peas lentils nuts seeds beans

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7
Q

where are HBV proteins found

A

mainly found in animal sources

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8
Q

what happens if you dont get enough HBV proteins? What is this process called?

A
  • combine different LBV’s to get all the essential amino acids
  • protein complementation
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9
Q

average protein a male and female should consume pd

A

male - 55g
female - 45g

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10
Q

what happens if you consume too much protein

A

puts strain + pressure on liver and kidneys which can be dangerous

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11
Q

what happens if you dont eat enough protein?

A
  • growth slowed down
  • immune system can’t work properly
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12
Q

list 4 alternative proteins

A

soya
mycoprotein
tofu
TVP

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13
Q

what do fats provide?

A

energy
nutrients
insulation

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14
Q

what are fats made up of?

A

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

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15
Q

are saturated fats good or bad for health?

A

bad

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16
Q

are unsaturated fats good or bad for health?

A

good

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17
Q

list 4 saturated fats

A

butter
lard
processed meats
coconut butter

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18
Q

list 3 unsaturated fats

A

flax seeds
peanuts
vegetable oils

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19
Q

what carbon bond does monounsaturated fats contain?

A

one C=C double bond

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20
Q

what carbon bond does polyunsaturated fats contain?

A

more than one C=C double bond

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21
Q

why are saturated fats a better replacement for unsaturated?

A

lower blood cholesterol

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22
Q

list 4 things that can happen when too much fat is consumed

A

weight gain
obesity
type 2 diabetes
stroke increase

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23
Q

list 4 things that can happen when not enough fat is consumed

A

vitamin deficiency
weight loss
less insulation
become colder faster

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24
Q

what are carbs needed for?

A

energy

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25
Q

list the 2 main types of carbs

A

sugar
starch

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26
Q

list 3 things that excess carbs lead to

A

converted into fat
tooth decay
type 2 diabetes

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27
Q

list 4 things that deficiency in carbs lead to

A

dizziness
tiredness
hunger
weaker

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28
Q

what are vitamins minerals and trace elements?

A

micronutrients

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29
Q

Vitamin A function

A

to absorb minerals such as calcium which is good for teeth

30
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A

bone diseases

31
Q

Vitamin A excess

A

kidney damage from too much calcium

32
Q

vitamin E function

A

keeps skin + eyes healthy
improves immune system

33
Q

vitamin E excess

A

interfere with blood clotting
nausea + blurred vision

34
Q

vitamin k function

A

maintains immune system + bones
helps with blood clot + heals wounds

35
Q

vitamin K excess

A

no excess level

36
Q

vitamin K deficiency

A

uncontrolled bleeding in newborns

37
Q

B1 function

A

helps nervous system

38
Q

B1 deficiency

A

tiredness
weak muscles

39
Q

B2 function

A

helps with energy release
repair of tissues

40
Q

B2 deficiency

A

dry skin
sore throat

41
Q

B3 function

A

helps with energy release

42
Q

B9 function

A

growth
healthy babies

43
Q

B9 deficiency

A

anaemia
tiredness
weak muscles

44
Q

B12 function

A

helps nervous system

45
Q

B12 deficiency

A

tiredness
nerve damage

46
Q

vitamin C function

A

protects body from infection
heals wounds

47
Q

vitamin C deficiency

A

anaemia
scurvy

48
Q

calcium function

A

strong bones + teeth
healthy nerves + muscles

49
Q

calcium excess

A

increased risk of kidney stones

50
Q

calcium deficiency

A

rickets
osteoporosis

51
Q

iron function

A

form haemoglobin to give red blood cells colour

52
Q

iron excess

A

toxic
constipation

53
Q

iron deficiency

A

anaemia

54
Q

sodium function

A

controls body water content

55
Q

sodium excess

A

high blood pressure
heart disease

56
Q

sodium deficiency

A

nausea
muscle cramps

57
Q

phosphorus function

A

healthy bones + teeth

58
Q

phosphorus excess

A

harder to absorb calcium

59
Q

phosphorus deficiency

A

weak muscles
painful bones

60
Q

fluoride function

A

strengthens teeth
prevents tooth decay

61
Q

fluoride excess

A

toxic

62
Q

fluoride deficiency

A

tooth decay

63
Q

iodine function

A

creates hormones for the body

64
Q

idione deficiency

A

goitre (neck swelling)

65
Q

function of water

A

eliminates waste
controls body temperature
aids process of digestion

66
Q

dehydration effects

A

increase in body temp.
slower reactions

67
Q

over hydration effects

A

headaches
nausea
confusion

68
Q

what is CHD?

A

when the coronary arteries are narrowed because they are filled with fatty deposits

69
Q

define insulin

A

hormone that allows glucose to be absorbed by cells in the body

70
Q

where is insulin created

A

pancreas

71
Q

what is rickets

A

condition that means your bones are soft and weak

72
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

blonde disease which weakens bones + makes them brittle

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