Food Nutrients

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Made up of long chains of simple sugars.
e.g.  Starch 
Functions:
Sugar-Gives us energy 
Starch-Gives us energy 
Fibre-Prevents constipation 
Sources:Bread, fruit + Veg

Question 2

Proteins:

Answer 2

Are made up of long chains of amino acids.

Functions:Growth, repair body tissues, Grow/Make new cells NOT repair them.

Question 3

Lipids (Fats):

Answer 3

Made up of one molecule of Glycerol and 3 attached fatty acids.
Functions:Insulation (keeps us warm), Gives us energy.

Question 4

The Main Food Nutrients are:

Answer 4

Carbohydrates 
Proteins 
Lipids (fats)
Vitamins 
Minerals
Fibre 
Water

Question 5

Test For Starch

Answer 5

Add a few drops of Iodine solution, the result should turn the solution from Orange to Blue Black.

Question 6

Test for reducing sugars (e.g) Glucose

Answer 6

First add a few drops of Benedict’s solution, next heat gently for approx 10min, solution should turn from blue to brick red colour.

Question 7

Test for proteins

Answer 7

Firstly add a few drops of Biuret A AND Biuret B, next shake the test tube gently, finally it should turn from a blue to a violet colour.

Question 8

Tests for fats

Answer 8

First, add a few drops of Ethanol or Sudan (lll), finally the white precipitate layer should form a red stained oil layer.

Question 9

Zygote

Answer 9

During fertilisation an egg and sperm cell fuse together to create a zygote which has 46 chromosomes.

Question 10

Small intestine

Answer 10

This is where food and nutrients are absorbed.

Question 11

Embryonic Stem Cells

Answer 11

After a zygote is formed that cell divides to become a hollow ball of cells - the embryo.The inner cells of this ball are the embryonic stem cells, that differentiate to form all the specialised cells in your body. Embryonic Stem Cells (from human embryos) and adult stem cells (from adult bone marrow) can be cloned and made to differentiate into many different types of cells.

Question 12

Proteins

Answer 12

Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and are made up of long chains of amino acids. They are used for building the cells and tissues of the body and to form enzymes.

Question 13

Gene

Answer 13

A gene is a shorter region of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular characteristic or cell activity.

Question 14

Chromosomes

Answer 14

The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes that carry genetic information. Most body cells have the same number of chromosomes, but this varies between species. Human body cells, for example, each have 23 matching pairs of chromosomes.

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

Part of the cell cycle where one set of new chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell forming two identical nuclei during cell division.

Question 16

Lipids

Answer 16

Consist of three molecules of fatty acids bonded to a molecule of glycerol. The Ethanol test indicates the presence of lipids in solutions.