Food nurition

Question 1

What is catabolism

Answer 1

Breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules

Question 2

Where does conversion of ATP happen in

Answer 2

Mitochondria

Question 3

Where are water soluble nutrients exported to

Answer 3

circulatory system

Question 4

Where are fat soluble nutrients exported to

Answer 4

lymphatic system

Question 5

What is a subtype of catabolism

Answer 5

digestion

Question 6

What is anabolism

Answer 6

Building of macromolecules from smaller molecules
It catabolise to produce energy

Question 7

What is the energy of carbohydrates, protein, fats

Answer 7

4,4,9

Question 8

What can cause malnutrition

Answer 8

Parasites, food borne illnesses, poverty

Question 9

What are the functions of proteins

Answer 9

structure, enzymes, maintenance, growth

Question 10

Can essential amino be synthesised by the body

Answer 10

no

Question 11

What are the essential amino acids
Arginine
Alanine
Aspartic acid
Asparagine
Cysteine
Glutamine
Glycine
Glutamic acid
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Proline
Tyrosine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Serine
Valine

Answer 11

Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine

Question 12

What are conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 12

Amino acids that can be synthesised by the body but the rate of synthesis is insufficient to meet the needs of the body due to certain conditions

Question 13

What is de novo synthesis

Answer 13

The ability to make a simpler building block

Question 14

What is complementary proteins

Answer 14

Combination of different types of proteins to get the required essential proteins

Question 15

Does plant or animal sources contain higher amount of amino acids

Answer 15

animal based foods

Question 16

What happens during catabolism of an amino acid

Answer 16

amino group is removed as ammonia before converting into urea for excretion. The carbon skeleton is used to make glucose, fat or oxidized to produce energy

Question 17

What is the function of fat

Answer 17

cell membrane, adoptive tissue, padding for internal organs, dissolve fat soluble vitamins, production of hormones

Question 18

What types of fatty acids can be synthesised from de novo synthesis

Answer 18

monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids

Question 19

What are essential fatty acids to obtain from the diet

Answer 19

Linoleic acid & α-linoleic acid

Question 20

What are starches hydrolysed into before absorption

Answer 20

glucose

Question 21

What is the hormone which signals storage of glucose

Answer 21

insulin

Question 22

What is the hormone which signals break down of glycogen

Answer 22

Glucagon

Question 23

What are amino acids & lipids converted into

Answer 23

ketone bodies

Question 24

What is the downside of conversion of amino acids & lipids into ketone bodies

Answer 24

Excessive production of it can lead to ketoacidosis which lowers pH of blood

Question 25

What is type 1 diabetes

Answer 25

Body not producing insulin

Question 26

What is type 2 diabetes

Answer 26

Body not reacting to insulin

Question 27

What do dietary fibers do

Answer 27

maintain peristalsis and prevent constipation, It is fermented by the gut microorganisms which help develop & maintain gut microflora. It binds to toxic compounds & prevent absorption of these toxic compounds

Question 28

What are soluble fibers

Answer 28

pectin in fruits & β-glucan in oats & barley

Question 29

What are examples of insoluble fibers

Answer 29

Cellulose found in whole grains, fruits & vegetables

Question 30

What are the problems with dietary fiber

Answer 30

Foods high in dietary fiber is associated with anti-nutrients which lowers bioavailability of nutrients

Question 31

What are fat soluble vitamins

Answer 31

Vitamin A,D,E,K

Question 32

What are the water soluble vitamins

Answer 32

Vitamin B, C

Question 33

What are prosthetic factors

Answer 33

Cofactors that are covalently bonded to enzyme are not consumed during reaction are known as prosthetic factors

Question 34

What are cosubstrates

Answer 34

Cofactors that are not covalently bonded to enzyme & are consumed are cosubstrates They are constantly being regenerated

Question 35

What are vitamins destroyed by

Answer 35

Heat related process or processes which involves free radicals

Question 36

Can minerals be destroyed by food processing

Answer 36

Only in the leeching of nutrients into water

Question 37

Why are nutrients better absorbed in animals

Answer 37

Plants contain anti-nutritive factors which restrict absorption of vitamins & minerals are they are behind a cell wall

Question 38

Why is the bioavailability of plants lower

Answer 38

Plant sources of foods are also more likely to contain inhibitors of digestive enzymes such as protease inhibitors or amylase inhibitors.

Question 39

What can cleave multivariant cations

Answer 39

Phytic acid, dietary fiber & oxalic acid

Question 40

What are flavonoids

Answer 40

Flavonoids are polyphenols found in foods such as cocoa, green tea and red wine

Question 41

What are the main electrolytes in the body

Answer 41

Sodium, potassium & chloride

Question 42

What are the extracellular cation & intracellular cation

Answer 42

Sodium provides extracellular cation while potassium is main intracellular cation