Food Microbiology and Disease

Question 1

Digestive tract

Answer 1

1. mouth
2. esophagus
3. stomach
4. small intestine
5. large intestine
6. rectum
7. anus

Question 2

Accessory organs

Answer 2

1. salivary glands
   - secrete saliva and amylase (digest starches)
2. liver
   - secretes bile (emulsifies fat), produces proteins, detoxification
3. pancreas
   - secretes digestive enzymes and hormones
4. gallbladder
   - concentrate/stores bile

Question 3

Normal flora of the digestive tract

Answer 3

1. mouth: millions of bacteria/mL
2. stomach: few due to HCl (pH 1-2)
3. small intestines: few due to rapid movement
4. large intestines: over 100 billion/ gram of feces

Question 4

infection

Answer 4

pathogen enters and multiplies

• characteristics
  
  • symptoms appear 8-48 hours after ingestion
  • can remain ill for 3-4 days
  • usually accompanied with fever
  • antibiotics may be needed

Question 5

Intoxication

Answer 5

• ingestion of a toxin
• Characteristics
  
  • symptoms appear 1-6 hours after ingestion
  • usually no fever
  • no antibiotics needed
• Types
  1. neurotoxin: headache, blindness
  2. enterotoxin: nausea, cramping, vomiting, gas, diarrhea

Question 6

General GI infections and enterotoxin symptoms

Answer 6

• Diarrhea: watery stool
• Dysentery: watery stool with blood and mucus
• Nausea, cramping and vomiting:
  
  • Defense mechanism for body to remove pathogen/toxin
• gastroenteritis: inflammation of stomach and intestinal mucosa