Food industry & Sustainability Flashcards
Chapter 11 & 12
What is biological sequestration?
Biological sequestration → storing carbon in plants
Describe traditional farming
Traditional farming relies on may off-farm resources, such as water, fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides
Describe organic farming
Organic farming uses sustainable practices in all aspects of food production, handling, processing and labelling of food and food products
What is soil acidification?
is a process where thesoil pHdecreases over time. This process is accelerated by agricultural production and can affect both the surface soil and subsoil.
How has agriculture in Australia impacted the environment
- Land clearing has destroyed 90% of native vegetation from the eastern temperate Australia, 5% of rainforests, 30% of woodlands
- Land clearing has caused issues with soil erosion and salinity
- Soil acidification and eutrophication are consequences of farmers’ reliance of chemical fertilisers
How does traditional farming impact nutrients and soil quality?
traditional farming uses synthetic inorganic fertilisers which degrades the soil quality and leads to nutrient leaching
How does organic farming impact nutrients and soil quality
Nutrients are delivered y green and animal manure and crop rotation, which creates a higher level of nutrients in the soil, as well as producing a more complex soil structure
How are pests controlled on traditional farms?
by using pesticides
How are pests controlled on organic farms
Often use chickens to control insect pests and because of the higher biodiversity, there are more animals that help to reduce pests
How are weeds controlled on traditional farms?
Through the use of chemical herbicies
How are weeds controlled on organic farms
Mulching, removal of weeds, or suppression of weeds
What is food security?
Food security exists when all the people, at all times, have physical and economic access to a sufficient safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for a healthy and active life → 1996 World food summit
What is transitory food insecurity
Caused by seasonal fluctuation of sufficient food
What is permeant food insecurity
long-term lack of access to food due to prolonged war or drought
What are types of food security?
- High food security
- Marginal food security
- Low food security
- Very low food security
What are challenges to achieving food security?
Rising demand — population and diet
Climate change
Land degradation
Water supply
Technological improvements
What are options for improving food security?
International aid
Environmental protection through policy
Ethical consumption
Native cereal crops
Adapting to new environmental condition
What is high food security?
(old label = Food security): no reported indications of food-access problems or limitations.
What are the overconsumption concepts
- obesity
- human overpopulation
- rising living standards
- excess garbage
- soil wear
- global warming
- CO2 emissions
- globalisation
- loss of resource bases
- planned obsolescence
what is marginal food security
(old label = Food security): one or two reported indications—typically of anxiety over food sufficiency or shortage of food in the house. Little or no indication of changes in diets or food intake.
What is low food security
(old label = Food insecurity without hunger): reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet. Little or no indication of reduced food intake
What is very low food security
(old label = Food insecurity with hunger): reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake.
