Food Illnesses Flashcards
Gram+, facultative anaerobe, halophile
Cured meats, creamy salads, cream filled pastries
Few hours
Activates T cells , produces enterotoxin
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, quick onset, diarrhea
Staphylococcus aureus
Gram +, anaerobe, spore former
Low acid canned food such as vegetables and meats , stew cooked all day and left out overnight
12-36 hours
Produces a NEUROTOXIN
blurred/double vision, progressive muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, inability to breathe
Needs an anti toxin
Clostridium botulinum
Gram - curved rod, microaerophile, 1 or 2 polar flagella, NO capsule
Undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, ingestion
2-5 days
Cells attach to intestinal epithelium using flagella, produces enterotoxin and cytotoxin that inhibits epithelial cells
Diarrhea(BLOODY), fever, abdominal pain, vomiting
Campylobacter Jejuni
Gram -, facultative anaerobe, peritrichous flagella
Undercooked poultry
Exposure to animals, eggs, turtles, lizards
Need to ingest a large amount
6-72 hours
Attach to the small intestine, activate T3SS, secret bacterial proteins to activate uptake by epithelial cells . WIll then replicate inside epithelial cells. SOme enter via M cells uses phase variation to alter flagella and confuse immune system
Diarrhea, moderate fever, abdominal pain
Salmonella enterica
Gram -, facultative anaerobe, peritrichous flagella
Transferred via humans
Fecal-oral route through poor food prep
1-3 weeks
LONG INCUBATION
Colonize intestine and enter via M cells, multiply in macrophages a dn carried through them. Typhoid toxin identified but unknown function
T3SS
Fever, flu-like symptoms, headache, constipation, abdominal pain, internal bleeding, shock, DEATH
Diarrhea 1 week after onset of symptoms
Salmonella Typhi
And
Salmonella
Paratyphi
Gram - rod facultative anaerobe, non motile
Food, fingers, feces, flies,and fomites
1-3 days
Resistant to stomach acid. Enter via M cells, transfer to basolateral side of epi tissue. Taken up by M cells and ingested by macrophages where they multiply, lyse the cell then enter the epithelial cells through endocytosis.
Use T3SS to enter epi cells, create actin tails. Move lateral to adjacent cells
Small volume BLOODY diarrhea after 3-4 days; resistant to stomach acid so only a few cells needed.
Shigella sonnei
Food, fingers, feces, flies,and fomites
12-24 hours
Produces shiga toxin a cytotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis
BLOODY diarrhea
Shigella dysenteriae
Gram - curved rod, facultative anaerobe, single polar flagella, pili
Through contaminated water, contaminated shellfish or undercooked fish
12-28 hours
Need a large number of cells, adhere to the small intestine using pili. Cholera toxin produced. Causes cAMP to increase which pumps ions and electrolytes out of the cell and into the intestinal lumen. Due to osmosis water will follow causing a massive loss of fluids
Rice watery stools sudden onset of explosive diarrhea
Fluid replacement
Vibrio cholerae
Halophile, single polar flagella
Raw oysters or improperly cooked seafood
4-96 hours
Uses T3SS to alter epi cell and produce hemolysin
vomiting and diarrhea that lasts for 2-5 days
Fluid replacement
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
halophile
Fish or undercooked seafood
Has a capsule, evades immune response. Attaches and penetrates the intestines. Produces hemolysin/cytotoxin which releases iron from hemoglobin.
Can cause cellulitis and cause septicemia in immunosuppressed patients
Vibrio vulnificus
Most virulent
Gram + rod, Motile at 30c, non-spore forming, facultative anaerobe
Contaminated foods (soft cheeses, non pasteurized cheese, coleslaw, hotdogs
Few days to months
Enters via Mcells, can escape phagocytes. Inside the cytosol, polymerization occurs. Enters the body through the intestinal epithelium, grows in macrophages and migrates through macrophages. Can penetrate meninges and will be fatal in 70% of cases.
Flu-like symptoms with a headache and stiff neck as signs of meningitis.
Listeria monocytogenes
Gram + rod, obligate anaerobe, endospore former
Foods that are rich in proteins like stews, survives cooking process via endospores
7 to 15 hours, resolves after 24 horus
Enterotoxin produced once ingested
Intense abdominal cramps, Watery diarrhea
Clostridium perfringens
pili / fimbriae, gram negative, rod shaped, non-spore forming, motile with peritrichous flagella or nonmotile
Enterotoxin promotes the pumping of CL- and inhibition of NaCl which results in diarrhea, similar to cholera toxin
ETEC
(travelers diarrhea)
gram negative, rod shaped, non-spore forming, motile with peritrichous flagella or nonmotile, and grow on MacConkey agar
Consumption of animal products (ground beef and not thoroughly cooking), raw veggies, unpasteurized juices
Need few cells
1-10 days (typically 3-4)
Attacks colon, produces A/E lesions. Produces Shiga toxins and is released in the large interesting and DO NOT invade epithelial cells. Inhibits epi cells from making proteins
BLOODY diarrhea, severe abdominal cramping, sometime hemolytic uretic syndrome
STEC
Bloody Diarrhea
campylobacter jejuni
shigella sonnei
shigella dysenteria
STEC
Gram +
S. aureus
Listeria
Clostridium (Botulinum and Perfringens )
T3SS
Salmonella (enterica, typhi, paratyphi, V Parahaemoliticus),, SHigella Sonnei, and Shigella Dysenteriae
food borne intoxication
S. aureus and Clostridium Botulinum
flagella
salmonella enterica, V. parahaemolitca, ETEC, STEC,
cAMP
Vibrios
