Food crops Dizaster

Question 1

Adversely

Answer 1

In a harmful way; negatively неблагоприятно Adversely is often follow by affect

Question 2

Aggregate

Answer 2

Gathered into or amounting to a whole. Общ , сумарен. .. Often is followed by a term like sum, total or numbers

Question 3

Cultivation

Answer 3

Preparing the land to grow crops Cultivate.

Question 4

Fertilize

Answer 4

Торя, оплождам To supply with nourishment for plants by adding helpful substances to the soil.

Question 5

Intensify

Answer 5

To increase in power; to act with increased strength Jacob’s long absence intensified his certainty that he should marry Rose.

Parts of speech intensification n, intense adj

Активизирам

Question 6

Irrigation

Answer 6

The supplying of water to dry land

In dry areas of the country, you can see ditches all over the farmland for irrigation.

Parts of speech irrigate v

Напояване

Question 7

Precipitation

Answer 7

Water that falls to the Earth’s surface

In the Pacific Northwest, the high level of precipitation ensures rich, green plant life.

Утаяване, отлагане.

Question 8

Abandon

Answer 8

To leave; to give up Abandonment To save their lives, the Sailors had to abandon the sinking ship.

Question 9

Harmful

Answer 9

Вреден, увреждащ

Question 10

Collide

Answer 10

Удрям сблъсък To come together with great or violent force.

Question 11

Collision

Answer 11

Сблъсък

Question 12

Eruption

Answer 12

Изригване, избухване A sudden, often violent, outburst(изблик,взрив)

Question 13

Famine

Answer 13

Глад Severe hunger; a drastic food shortage.

Question 14

Persevere

Answer 14

Упорствам, постоянствам To keep going despite obstacles or discouragement.

Question 15

Despite

Answer 15

Въпреки, напук

Question 16

Obstacles

Answer 16

Пречки, препядствие

Question 17

Discouragement

Answer 17

Обезсърчаване

Question 18

Plunge

Answer 18

Гмуркане To go down suddenly To decrease by a great amount in a short time.

Question 19

Unleash

Answer 19

Отприщи, отвързвам To release a things or emotion

Question 20

anticipate

Answer 20

To expect; to sense something before it happens By placing sensors in earthquake-prone areas, scientists can anticipate some tremors in time to warn the public. Parts of speech anticipation n, anticipatory adj

Question 21

collide

Answer 21

To come together with great or violent force As usual, their holiday was ruined when their in-laws’ views on politics collided with their own. Parts of speech collision n

Question 22

eruption

Answer 22

A sudden, often violent, outburst The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 caused 57 deaths and immeasurable change to the face of the mountain. Usage tips Eruption is often followed by an of phrase. Parts of speech erupt v Translations of eruption noun изригване - eruption, outbreak, ejection, ejectment, eructation поникване - germination, eruption, vegetation избухване - burst, outbreak, explosion, outburst, eruption, detonation изриване - eruption, excavation пристъп - attack, seizure, accession, fit, bout, eruption

Question 23

immeasurable

Answer 23

Translations of immeasurable adjective неизмерим - unmeasured, immeasurable, unfathomable, measureless, fathomless, spanless грамаден - huge, immense, enormous, lumping, monstrous, immeasurable

Question 24

famine n.

Answer 24

Severe hunger; a drastic food shortage The potato famine in Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century caused large numbers of Irish people to emigrate to America. глад - hunger, famine, starvation, scarcity недостиг - shortage, scarcity, lack, deficit, insufficiency, famine

Question 25

flood n.

Answer 25

An overflowing of water; an excessive amount The constant rain and poor drainage system caused a flood in town. The political party sent out a flood of letters criticizing their opponents. Parts of speech flood v Translations: наводнение - flood, flooding, inundation, overflow, freshet, alluvion потоп - flood, deluge, inundation, cataclysm порой - torrent, flood, downpour, spate, brash, flash flood прилив - rush, flow, inflow, flood, flux, inset изблик - outburst, burst, outbreak, spurt, surge, flood verb заливам - inundate, flood, swamp, splash, flash, sluice наводнявам - flood, deluge, inundate, float, water, swamp причинявам прииждане - flood прииждам - flood, flow, flux, rise, swell трупам се - mass, crowd round, troop, conglomerate, flock, flood имам маточен кръвоизлив - flood

Question 26

impact n.

Answer 26

A strong influence The speech about the importance of education made an impact on me. Usage tips Impact is usually followed by on or of. Parts of speech impact v

Question 27

persevere v.

Answer 27

To keep going, despite obstacles or discouragement; to maintain a purpose The hikers persevered despite the bad weather and the icy trail. Parts of speech persist v, persistent adj

Question 28

plunge v.

Answer 28

To go down suddenly; to decrease by a great amount in a short time He jumped off the diving board and plunged into the pool. The value of the company’s stock plunged after its chief executive was arrested. Usage tips Plunge is often followed by an into phrase. Parts of speech plunge n

Question 29

unleash v.

Answer 29

To release a thing or an emotion When they saw the strange man on their property, they unleashed their dogs. He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to unleash his feelings. Translations of unleash verb развързвам - loose, untie, unbind, unleash, loosen, uncord пускам - start, drop, release, let go, run, unleash отпускам - release, relax, grant, loosen, unbend, unleash отприщвам- unleash, unjam, free, loosen, unstop, uncork

Question 30

adapt v.

Question 31

adapt v.

Answer 31

To adjust to the circumstances; to make suitable

• Dinosaurs could not adapt to the warmer temperatures.*
• The teacher adapted the exercises for his more advanced students.*

Usage tips Adapt is often followed by to.

Parts of speech adaptation n, adapter n, adaptable adj

адаптирам

adapt

приспособявам

adapt, adapt, accommodate, adjust, tailor, modulate

пригодявам

modulate, rig, accommodate, adapt

нагласям

adjust, tune, doctor, mount, posture, adapt

преработвам

recast, process, revise, work, work over, adapt

Question 32

diverse n.

Answer 32

Various; showing a lot of differences within a group

India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world.

Usage tips An -ly adverb (e.g., linguistically) often comes before diverse.

Parts of speech diversify v, diversity n, diversification n

Translations of diverse

adjective

разнообразен

diversified, diverse, varied, various, variegated, varicoloured

различен

different, other, distinct, another, diverse, varied

друг

other, another, otherwise, next, different, diverse

Question 33

evolve v.

Answer 33

To develop; to come forth

Modern-day sharks evolved from their ancestor Eryops, which lived more than 200 million years ago.

Usage tips Evolve is often followed by into or from.

Parts of speech evolution n, evolutionist n

Translations of evolve

verb

развивам -develop, unwind, unfold, cultivate, evolve, unroll

разгъвам- unfold, evolve, scan, shake out, unroll, unfurl

произхождам - come from, issue, derive, accrue, descend, evolve

измислям-fabricate, invent, concoct, think up, devise, evolve

отделям-exude, separate, extricate, pry, insulate, evolve

Question 34

feature n.

Answer 34

Part, characteristic

The best feature of this car is its heated seats.

Usage tips Feature is often followed by of.

Parts of speech feature v

Translations of feature

noun

особеност- feature, peculiarity, particularity, distinction, pattern, trick

свойство - property, feature, tincture

игрален филм - feature, photoplay, photodrama

отличителен белег- trait, feature, characteristic, mark, marker, trademark

статия - article, entry, feature, contribution, lemma

подробност - detail, particular, feature, particularity, circumstance, piece of detail

номер - number, item, size, registration number, hoax, feature

черта на характер - feature

Question 35

generation n.

Answer 35

A group of people born at about the same time

As older managers retired, a new generation of leaders took control of the company.

Usage tips Before generation, an adjective like new, next, earlier, or older is common. Generation is often followed by of.

Parts of speech generational adj

Translations of generation

noun

поколение- generation, offspring, descent

размножаване- propagation, breeding, spawning, reproduction, multiplication, generation

произвеждане- production, manufacture, generation, fabrication, promotion, promoting

пораждане- generation, origination

отделяне- detachment, separation, release, generation, secretion, excretion

потомство- seed, progeny, offspring, posterity, brood, generation

зараждане- generation, nascency

Question 36

inherent adj.

Answer 36

Naturally characteristic; always found within something, because it’s a basic part of that thing

No job can be interesting all the time. Boredom is inherent in any kind of work.

Usage tips Inherent is often followed by in.

Parts of speech inherently adv

Translations of inherent

adjective

присъщ- inherent, intrinsic, indigenous, native, innate, proper

вроден- congenital, innate, inherent, inborn, natural, native

свойствен- intrinsic, inherent, congenial, peculiar, specific, proper

Question 37

migration n.

Answer 37

Movement from one place to another by a group of people or animals

The migration of farm workers from one state to the next depends primarily on the harvest.

Usage tips Migration is often followed by to or from.

Parts of speech migrate v, migrant n, migratory adj

Translations of inherent

adjective

присъщ- inherent, intrinsic, indigenous, native, innate, proper

вроден- congenital, innate, inherent, inborn, natural, native

свойствен- intrinsic, inherent, congenial, peculiar, specific, proper

Question 38

physical adj.

Answer 38

Related to the body; related to materials that can be seen or felt

• Because of the shape of its throat, an ape does not have the physical ability to speak.*
• The mountains form a physical barrier between the west and the east.*

Usage tips Physical usually comes before the noun it describes.

Parts of speech physically adv

Translations of physical

adjective

физически-physical, material, bodily, glandular, outer

материален-material, tangible, physical, worldly, outward, hylic

телесен-bodily, physical, corporal, corporeal, carnal, fleshly

Question 39

process n.

Answer 39

A series of steps leading to a result

To get a good job, most people go through a long process of letterwriting and interviews.

Usage tips Process is often followed by of plus the -ing form of a verb.

Parts of speech proceed v, process v

Translations of process

noun

процес-process, trial, operation, plea

метод-method, process, way, mode, scheme, modus

технология-technology, process, method, technics

действие-action, operation, effect, act, performance, process

ход-move, course, way, running, pace, process

технологичен процес-process

развитие-development, evolution, growth, progress, course, process

израстък-outgrowth, excrescence, growth, process, appendage, shoot

похват-procedure, contrivance, skill, process, knack, touch

нареждане-order, mandate, arrangement, word, process, prescription

издатина-protrusion, projection, ledge, protuberance, shelf, process

verb

обработвам-process, cultivate, work, farm, labor, cure

преработвам-recast, process, revise, work, work over, overwork

Question 40

survive v.

Answer 40

To continue living (despite some danger or illness)

After getting lost in the mountains, Gordon survived by eating wild plants and catching fish.

Usage tips Survive is often followed by a phrase with by.

Parts of speech survivor n, survival n

Translations of survive

verb

оцелявам - survive

преживявам- experience, survive, outwear, rub on, emote, live through

живея повече от- outlast, survive

запазвам се- stick, stick on, persist, stand, survive, keep

съхранявам се- survive

Question 41

constraint n.

Answer 41

Something that restricts thought or action

The constraints of military life kept Eileen from seeing Private Morris more than once a month.

Parts of speech constrain v

Translations of constraint

noun

ограничение- restriction, limitation, constraint, barrier, bondage, circumscription

принуда- force, coercion, constraint, duress, pressure, necessity

стеснение- stenosis, constraint, uneasiness, abashment, qualm

Question 42

contamination n.

Answer 42

Being made less clean by a germ or hazardous substance

The contamination in the river came from the factory located just upstream.

Parts of speech contaminate v, contaminant n

Translations of contamination

noun

замърсяване-pollution, contamination, defilement

заразяване-contamination, infection, inoculation, contraction, contagion, gelation

контаминация-contamination

зараза-infection, contamination, contagion, virus, taint

разваляне-contamination, undoing, depravation, deformation, mutilation, vitiation

оскверняване-desecration, profanation, defilement, pollution, violation, contamination

разлагащо влияние-contamination

Question 43

deplete v.

Answer 43

To greatly decrease the supply of a resource or material

The prolonged war depleted the country’s national treasury.

Parts of speech depletion n

Question 44

dispose of v.

Answer 44

To throw away; to get rid of; to kill

• She disposed of her unwanted possessions before moving.*
• The tyrant cruelly disposed of all his enemies.*

Usage tips Dispose of should be learned as a unit. In this meaning, dispose does not occur without of.

Parts of speech disposal n, disposable adj

Translations of dispose of

verb

отървавам се от-get rid of, dispose of, shed, unload, put off, shake oneself free

убивам-kill, murder, slay, put to death, rub out, dispose of

пласирам-trade off, sell, market, dispose of, place

продавам-sell, market, vend, sell out, trade off, dispose of

уреждам-arrange, settle, patch, patch up, regulate, dispose of

справям се с-reckon with, cope with, handle, account for, meet, dispose of

изяждам-eat up, consume, dispose of, shift, manage, clip

похарчвам-spend, sell, dispose of

Question 45

elementally adv.

Answer 45

In terms of elements; basically

Elementally, coal and diamonds are the same.

Parts of speech element n, elemental adj

Question 46

emission n.

Answer 46

Sending out from a small space into the general environment; a substance discharged into the air.

The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the emission of pollutants into the air.

Usage tips Emission is usually

Translations of emission

noun

емисия - issue, emission, broadcast, broadcasting, flotation, floatation

излъчване

radiation, emission, irradiance, irradiation, emanation, scintillation

отделяне

detachment, separation, release, generation, secretion, emission

изпускане

release, leakage, omission, leak, outlet, emission

издаване

issue, issuance, publishing, publication, disclosure, emission

изпразване

emptying, discharge, depletion, emission, voidance, deflation

секрет

secretion, discharge, matter, emission

електронна емисия

emission

Question 47

extinction n.

Answer 47

Complete disappearance; the end of existence

Human beings have caused the extinction of many other species.

Usage tips Extinction implies an absolute end; an extinct thing

cannot be brought back into existence.

Parts of speech extinct adj

Translations of extinction

noun

погасяване-extinction, acquittal, liquidation, quenching, paying up, sinking

измиране-extinction

потушаване

suppression, quenching, extinction

загасяване

extinction

погашение

amortization, extinction

угасяване

extinction

заглъхване

extinction

Question 48

reservoir n.

Answer 48

A place where a liquid is collected and stored

Cult members threatened to poison the town’s water reservoir.

Parts of speech reserve v

Translations of reservoir

noun

резервоар-reservoir, tank, container, barrel, basin, cistern

източник-source, origin, reservoir, spring, parent, well

запас-stock, reserve, supply, store, reservoir, backlog

verb

събирам в резервоар-reservoir

Question 49

shrink v.

Answer 49

To become reduced in size, amount, or value

If you dry your clothing on the “high heat” setting, they may shrink.

Parts of speech shrinkage n, shrinkable adj

Translations of shrink

noun

свиване-contraction, shrink, shrinkage, constriction, compression, nick

психиатър-psychiatrist, shrink, alienist

verb

свивам се

shrink, clench, crouch, shrink up, constrict, pull together

намалявам

reduce, decrease, pare down, decline, cut back, shrink

смалявам

shrink, belittle, minify, lessen, diminish

стопявам се

melt down, shrink

правя плат да се свие

shrink

Question 50

stable adj.

Answer 50

Firm and dependable; showing little change

He fell because the ladder wasn’t stable.

Parts of speech stability n, stably adv

Translations of stable

adjective

стабилен-stable, steady, fixed, immovable, fast, foursquare

устойчив-resistant, stable, steady, rigid, firm, steadfast

постоянен-permanent, constant, settled, continuous, standing, stable

траен-lasting, durable, enduring, stable, abiding, steadfast

твърд-rigid, hard, solid, firm, strong, stable

решителен-decisive, determined, resolute, decided, ultimate, stable

noun

конюшня-stable, stalls

хора с общ произход-stable

изделия с общ произход-stable

породисти коне от една конюшня-stable

verb

живея в конюшня-stable

живея като в конюшня-stable

поставям в конюшня-stable

Question 51

a. Humans have shown little self-restraint in their consumption of fossil fuels.
b. Underground reservoirs of oil will soon be depleted.
c. Bio-diesel burns cleaner than fossil fuels.
d. Bio-diesel comes from a more stable source than petroleum.
e. Restaurants can save disposal fees on used cooking oil.

Answer 51

TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the question that follows.

Human consumption of fossil fuels is expected to fully

deplete the Earth’s crude oil reserves by the year 2060.As

underground reservoirs of oil continue to shrink, we have

no choice but to find alternatives. One promising source,

with much cleaner emissions, is called bio-diesel. Bio-

diesel is often made from soybean oil, although it can be made from any

vegetable oil that is not elementally different from soy. Bio-diesel can even

be made from used cooking oils that homes or restaurants would

otherwise dispose of. Bio-diesel can be used without constraint in any

vehicle that runs on diesel—no modifications are needed.Presently, diesel

engines can take up to 20 percent soy in their soy-diesel blend.As the need

for bio-diesel increases and the technology improves,we may soon witness

the extinction of the fossil-fueled vehicle.This is good news for the planet,

as bio-diesel is a more stable source of energy than petroleum, and it

reduces contamination of our air and water.

Question 52

adjust v.

Answer 52

To change; to get accustomed to something

Travelers are advised to adjust their watches before arriving in the new time zone.

Parts of speech adjustment n, adjustable adj

Translations of adjust

verb

коригирам-correct, adjust, rectify, amend, red-pencil

нагласям-adjust, tune, doctor, mount, posture, pose

регулирам-adjust, regulate, tune, rubricate, govern, regularize

приспособявам-adapt, adapt, accommodate, adjust, tailor, modulate

оправям-straighten, make, right, unbend, readjust, adjust

подреждам-arrange, preen, tidy, assort, put in order, adjust

поправям-fix, correct, mend, recondition, retouch, adjust

изглаждам-smooth, patch, polish, patch up, level, adjust

Question 53

arbitrary adj.

Answer 53

Chosen simply by whim or chance, not for any specific

reason

• The decision to build a school in Blackberry Township was*
• arbitrary, without any thought to future housing patterns.*

Parts of speech arbitrate v, arbitrator n, arbitrarily adv

Question 54

denominator n.

Answer 54

The number written below the line in a fraction

In the fraction 1⁄2, the number 2 is the denominator.

Usage tips The phrase lowest common denominator means “the most basic and unsophisticated things that most people share.”

Parts of speech denominate v, denomination n, denominational adj

Translations of denominator

noun

знаменател-denominator, nominative

обща черта-denominator

Question 55

exponentially adv.

Answer 55

At a very fast rate

In Turkey, the value of the lira has decreased exponentially in the last several decades.

Usage tips Exponentially is taken from mathematics, where an exponent is a number indicating how many times something is multiplied by itself. For example, 43 contains the exponent “3,” indicating 4 × 4 × 4.

Parts of speech exponent n, exponential adj

Question 56

infinitesimal adj.

Answer 56

Immeasurably small

The number of contaminants in the water was infinitesimal, so the water was safe to drink.

Parts of speech infinitesimally adv

Translations of infinitesimal

adjective

безкрайно малък-infinitesimal, evanescent, indivisible

noun

безкрайно малко количество-infinitesimal

Question 57

Immeasurably

Answer 57

Translations of неизмеримо

adverb

immensely-извънредно, много, неизмеримо, необикновено

vastly-много, неизмеримо, в значителна степен, извънредно

Question 58

maximize v.

Answer 58

To increase or make as great as possible

A coach helps each athlete maximize his or her potential.

Parts of speech maximum n, maximum adj

Question 59

parallel adj.

Answer 59

Being an equal distance apart everywhere

The street where I live runs parallel to the main road through town.

Usage tips Parallel is often followed by to.

Parts of speech parallel n, parallel adv

Translations of parallel

noun

паралел-parallel

сравнение-comparison, compare, parallel, simile, similitude

съответствие-accordance, conformity, correspondence, agreement, fit, parallel

аналогия-analogy, parallel, parity

успоредна линия-parallel

успоредица-parallel, analogue

паралелно съединение-parallel

знак-sign, signal, indication, place, badge, parallel

adjective

паралелен-parallel, multiple

успореден-parallel, concurrent, collateral

подобен-like, similar, such, comparable, analogous, parallel

аналогичен-analogous, analogical, parallel

съответен-relevant, corresponding, respective, appropriate, adequate, parallel

Question 60

proportion n.

Answer 60

A part in relation to the whole

The average employee spends a large proportion of each workday answering e-mails.

Usage tips Proportion is often followed by of.

Parts of speech proportionate adj, proportionally adv

Translations of proportion

noun

част-part, portion, section, proportion, piece, fraction

пропорция-proportion, ratio

дял-share, proportion, partition, part, portion, interest

съотношение-ratio, proportion, correlation, interrelation

процент-percent, rate, percentage, proportion, quota, rake-off

отношение-attitude, respect, ratio, regard, relationship, proportion

симетрия-symmetry, proportion

съразмерност на частите-proportion

просто тройно правило-proportion

verb

съгласувам-cohere, reconcile, suit, proportionate, proportion, accord

осъразмерявам-proportionate, proportion

разделям на части-proportion, section, joint, comminute

разделям пропорционално-proportion, prorate

Question 61

rate n.

Answer 61

The cost per unit of a good or service; the motion or change that happens in a certain time.

• Postal rates in Japan are among the highest in the world.*
• Some grasses grow at the rate of one inch per day.*

Parts of speech rate v, rating n

Translations of rate

noun

процент-percent, rate, percentage, proportion, quota, rake-off

скорост-speed, rate, velocity, pace, rapidity, swiftness

курс-course, rate, path, route, run, run

размер-dimension, size, amount, gauge, rate, extent

норма-rate, norm, standard, quota

степен-degree, extent, rate, grade, power, notch

цена-price, cost, value, rate, charge, worth

тарифа-tariff, rate, wage rate

стойност-value, cost, worth, price, rate, denomination

темпо-rate, pace, tempo, time, movement

такса-fee, charge, rate, fare, dues

мярка-measure, measurement, step, remedy, size, rate

Question 62

sequence v.

Answer 62

To organize or arrange in succession

Volunteers have been asked to sequence the files and organize the boxes.

Parts of speech sequence n, sequentially adv

Translations of sequence

noun

последователност-sequence, consistency, coherence, order, succession, continuity

секвенция-sequence

поредица-series, sequence, set, range, string, succession

серия-series, range, set, run, sequence, round

редица-row, line, sequence, line-up, range, variety

ред-order, row, turn, series, sequence, rank

цикъл-cycle, circuit, run, period, round, sequence

сцена-scene, stage, sequence, take

редуване-rotation, alternation, interchange, succession, sequence, vicissitude

Question 63

1. Why does the author mention computer multitasking in this article?
   a. because it is new
   b. because it measures time better than any clock
   c. because it helps people to arrange their activities sequentially
   d. because it is a good example of the efficient use of time
2. The underlined word sequences in the passage is closest in meaning to
   a. styles
   b. lengths
   c. orderings
   d. difficulty levels

Answer 63

Time is, as we all know, money. Such valuation of time leads people to extreme efforts to maximize their use of time. Some people obsess over knowing the exact time.They buy clocks and watches that automatically adjust themselves over the Internet or by radio waves.These measurements allow them infinitesimal accuracy in dealing with time. Regardless of how one tracks time, most people share a common goal: They want to use time effectively. Since about 1982, this efficiency has increased exponentially each year, thanks to computers and their ability to multitask. In multitasking, a computer executes several different tasks in parallel. Rather than being set arbitrarily, each task is given a priority in the computer’s operating system, and time is spent in proportion to the priority of the task.The computer executes different sequences of tasks at different clock cycles, thereby increasing the rate of output from a process.