food choice Flashcards
factors influencing food choice
- PAL
- healthy eating
- cost of food
- income
- culinary skill
- lifestyle
- seasonality
- availability - local, online etc.
- special occasions
- enjoyment
food in Christianity
no strict food rules
- often choose to give up certain foods/drinks during Lent
- Hot cross buns on Good Friday
- pancakes to mark the start of Lent
food in Islam
- Qur’an states that meats eaten by muslims have to be halal - the lawful animal has to be slaughtered in a specific way whilst being blessed
- Muslims can’t eat pork or drink alcohol
- during Ramadan (9th month of lunar calendar) they fast between sunrise and sunset
food in Hinduism
- many are vegetarian but some avoid certain vegetables that are considered harmful, such as garlic, onion and mushrooms
- Hindus that eat meat require it to slaughtered with a quick, painless method called jhatka
- cows are sacred in hinduism so they can’t eat beef
food in Judaism
• Jewish dietary laws (kashrut) state that food has to be kosher, meaning fit for consumption
kosher animals
• have split hooves and chew cud (like cows and deer)
• fish that have fins and scales, no shellfish
• painless methods that allow the blood to drain afterwards
- can’t eat pig, rabbit, hare, camel and many other animals
- dairy and nuts should not be cooked/eaten together as a mixture
food in Sikhism
- baptised Sikhs can’t eat meat that has been ritually slaughtered - eg. halal/kosher
- many are vegetarian
- Sikhism teaches to only eat what you need to and avoid overindulging
food in buddhism
- buddhists believe all living beings are sacred, so most Buddhists are vegetarian/vegan but there are no strict rules
- most avoid alcohol - believe it wrongly alters your view of the world around you
- some choose to fast from noon to sunrise the next day
food in Rastafarianism
- eating pork is forbidden
- many stick to an I-tal (clean and natural) diet, mainly made of fresh vegetables
- some eat fish but it has to be less that 30cm long
- many don’t drink alcohol but will drink things made from natural, grown products like herbal tea/fruit juice
moral and ethical concerns affecting food choice
- animal welfare
- working conditions
- environmental impact
- eating naturally/organically
dishes that England is known for
- Cumberland sausage - a coiled sausage flavoured with pepper and herbs
- cottage pie
- Cornish pasty - pastry with beef, potato, onion and swede
- potted shrimps - shrimp in melted butter
- bread and butter pudding
- fruit crumble - stewed fruit covered in a crumbly biscuit/oat based topping
dishes Northern Ireland is known for
- crubeens - boiled pigs feet that are battered and fried
- Irish stew - casserole with meat, potatoes, root vegetables and onions
- soda bread - bread made with bicarbonate of soda and buttermilk instead of yeast
- potato farl - a savoury Irish potato pancake
- Ulster fry - fried breakfast with soda bread, potato farls, bacon, sausage, egg and tomato
dishes Wales is known for
- welsh rarebit - toasted bread with a cheese sauce often containing mustard, beer or wine
- bara brith - cake with dried fruit or spices
- laverbread - slow cooked seaweed paste
- Glamorgan sausage - vegetarian sausage made with cheese and leeks and coated in breadcrumbs
- welsh cakes - small, round flat cakes with raisins baked on a griddle
dishes Scotland is known for
- scotch broth - soup made with red meat, root vegetables, barley and dried pulses
- shortbread
- neeps and tatties - swede and potatoes cooked in oil and mashed
- haggis - lamb (and sometimes beef), suet, onion, oatmeal, seasoning and spices
Japanese cuisine
mainly steamed rice with a number of okazu (dishes to eat with rice)
boiling, steaming and frying are popular
rice cookers and woks are regularly used
three meals are eaten daily, early evening is the largest
common Japanese ingredients and dishes
rice noodles seafood saké/mirin - Japanese rice wines pickled vegetables matcha tea wasabi
sushi tempura gyoza ramen miso soup
eating in Japanese culture
- chopsticks are often used to pick up food, rice and soup bowls may be moved closer to the face but plates should be left on the table
- people sit on floor mats and around low tables traditionally
- slurping soup from the bowl shows the chef that you enjoyed it
- raw/pickled ginger is used to cleanse the palate
modern twists on Japanese food
BBQ pulled pork gyoza
matcha tea frappes
wasabi flavoured chocolate
teriyaki sauce on roast meats
modern twists on british food
- chilli con carne filled cottage pie topped with sweet potato
- salted caramel apple crumble
- bread and butter pudding made with brioche and marmalade
spanish cuisine
cooking methods: stewing, charcoal grilling, plate grilling and cooking in a sauce
breakfasts are small and light, lunch is the biggest meal with 3 courses at around 3pm and dinner is light at around 10pm
ingredients and dishes in spanish cuisine
meats and fish herbs and spices - peppers, nutmeg, paprika, cumin, coriander fruit and veg almonds olive oil beans wine
churros
serrano ham
chorizo
paella
patatas bravas - spiced, fried potato chunks with a spicy tomato sauce
tapas - eg. patatas bravas/chprizo/ grilled fish/ filled tortillas/ Spanish omelette
modernising traditional Spanish recipes
quinoa/noodles in paella
flavoured churros
chorizo in pizza/pasta
UK food regulations
countries in the EU have to follow the rules in the Food Information for Consumers (FIC)
- food labels must not be misleading
- they must be clear and easy to read
- common allergens must be emphasised in the ingredients (eg. in bold)
since December 2016: nutritional information has to be shown on food labels
what do labels legally have to tell you
- how to store the product
- name and address of the manufacturer
- product name and what it is (if the name isn’t obvious)
- weight, volume or quantity without packaging
- cooking instructions
- country it was made in
- use by / best before date
- name and address of manufacturer
non-compulsory information on labels
- ‘high in protein’, ‘low in fat’, free from artificial colours and preservatives’
- traffic light labelling
- products often state if they’re suitable for certain groups, eg. vegetarians/vegans/muslims/coeliacs
- the country where the ingredients are from + where they were packaged/processed
- may include serving suggestions
offers and marketing techniques
BOGOF
reduced price
meal deals
loyalty card schemes - lets supermarkets record data for what you buy, which is used to send offers that match your habits
point of sale marketing - near the till, chocolate/sweets/magazines etc.
marketing techniques
celebrity/brand endorsement
- food companies sponsor sports etc. so a wide audience is reached
health claims
promote their ethical values - fair-trade etc, cost may be higher but price can be increased too
‘natural’ or ‘fresh’ or pics of fruit, makes it seem natural even when its not
