food chem Flashcards
lessons 1,
what is food chemistry
Food chemistry is the study of chemicals and chemical processes in food, the preparation of food, storage of food and mass production of food.
What chemicals make up most of this food, (fish, nuts, red meat, eggs chicken, peas)?
proteins
What chemicals make up most of this food? (butter, oil, duck fat, coconut oil)
lipids
what chemical makes up most of this food? (fruits, starchy vegetables, potatoes, whole grains)
carbohydrates
what chemical makes up this food?(vitamins)
vitamins
what chemical makes up this food? (glass of water)
water/H2O
What chemicals GIVE this food COLOUR? (coloured cakes)
foood colouring
What chemical makes these foods taste sweet? (soft drinks, juices, sweets)
SUCROSE
C12H22O11
What chemical make these foods sour? (lemons, warheads, apple cider)
CITRIC ACID
C6H8O7
What chemical makes these foods fizzy? (soft drink, sparkling water, wizz fizz)
CARBON DIOXIDE
CO2
What chemical make these foods “rise”? (cake, bread, macarons)
BAKING POWDER
NaHCO3
why is eating healthy important?
- ensures your body receives the necessary chemicals to keep our bodies working well
- helps prevent diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease
what energy is in food?
kilojoules
what is a carbohydrate? (2 main)
2 main carbohydrates, simple and complex
what is a simple carbohydrates?
simple carbohydrates are simple sugars such as glucose, sucrose. if you have a lollipop or sugar on your cereal its a simple carbohydrate, also in milk and fruit
examples of simple carbohydrates?
lollipop, fruit, milk
what is a complex carbohydrates?
complex carbohydrates also called starches. Starches include grain products, such as bread, crackers, pasta, and rice. Unrefined grains still contain vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A bowl of oatmeal fills you up better than sugary candy with the same amount of kilojoules.
examples of complex carbohydrates?
bread, crackers, pasta, and rice
what is the Digestion of Carbohydrates?
When you eat carbs, they are digested in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. Carbohydrase enzymes break down starch into simple sugars, which are absorbed into the bloodstream. The saliva in your mouth contains amylase which is another starch digesting enzyme.
how do Carbohydrates Provide energy?
As the sugar level rises in your body, the pancreas releases ahormonecalled insulin. Insulin is needed to move sugar from the blood into the cells, where the sugar can be used as an energy source.
Name some common foods containing proteins.
lean meats – beef, lamb, veal, pork, kangaroo.
poultry – chicken, turkey, duck, emu, goose, bush birds.
fish and seafood – fish, prawns, crab, lobster, mussels, oysters, scallops, clams.
eggs.
dairy products – milk, yoghurt (especially Greek yoghurt), cheese (especially cottage cheese)
Name the enzyme involved during the digestion of a protein.
Pepsin is a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in ingested food. Gastric chief cells secrete pepsin as an inactive zymogen called pepsinogen. Parietal cells within the stomach lining secrete hydrochloric acid that lowers the pH of the stomach.
Name the basic building block of a protein.
The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are small organic molecules that consist of an alpha (central) carbon atom linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable component called a side chain (see below).
Explain the purpose of protein in our body.
Protein is an important part of a healthy diet. Proteins are made up of chemical ‘building blocks’ called amino acids. Your body uses amino acids to build and repair muscles and bones and to make hormones and enzymes. They can also be used as an energy source
Explain the importance of having essential amino acids in your diet.
Amino acids are required for the synthesis of body protein and other important nitrogen-containing compounds, such as creatine, peptide hormones, and some neurotransmitters. Although allowances are expressed as protein, a the biological requirement is for amino acids.
What is a Lipid?
Lipids are formed from glycerol and fatty acids. There are two types of lipids:
Fats- These are solid at room temperature. Butter and cheese are high in fat.
Oils- These are liquid at room temperature. Examples include oils from nuts, seeds and fish.
Digestion of Lipids
When you eat lipids, they are digested in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. The lipase enzyme break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids which are absorbed into the bloodstream.
essential FAtty Acids
Some fatty acids are vital for health and can only be sourced from the food (nuts, seeds and fish) we eat. These fatty acids are calledessential fatty acids.
Lipids are used
Every cell in your body has a cell membrane which is made of lipids. Some hormones, including sex hormones, are made from a lipid calledcholesterol.
Lipids are also an importantenergy storefor the body. The layer of fat under your skin providesinsulationand thin layers of fat protect vital organs.
It is important not to each too much fatty or oily food. This is because small amounts of lipid-rich foods can store large amounts of energy. Eating too much fatty or oily food, whilst not getting enough exercise, may cause
obesity
Other chemicals involved during digestion
Hydrochloric acid (found in the stomach)
Breaks down food
Kills bacteria
Optimal pH for protease to work
Bile (found in the liver and stored in the gall bladder)
Emulsifies lipids into smaller droplets optimizing lipase’s ability to act on lipids
Hydrochloric acid (found in the stomach)
Breaks down food
Kills bacteria
Optimal pH for protease to work
Bile (found in the liver and stored in the gall bladder)
Emulsifies lipids into smaller droplets optimizing lipase’s ability to act on lipids
Other chemicals involved during digestion
