food chem

Question 1

what is food chemistry

Answer 1

Food chemistry is the study of chemicals and chemical processes in food, the preparation of food, storage of food and mass production of food.

Question 2

What chemicals make up most of this food, (fish, nuts, red meat, eggs chicken, peas)?

Answer 2

proteins

Question 3

What chemicals make up most of this food? (butter, oil, duck fat, coconut oil)

Answer 3

lipids

Question 4

what chemical makes up most of this food? (fruits, starchy vegetables, potatoes, whole grains)

Answer 4

carbohydrates

Question 5

what chemical makes up this food?(vitamins)

Answer 5

vitamins

Question 6

what chemical makes up this food? (glass of water)

Answer 6

water/H2O

Question 7

What chemicals GIVE this food COLOUR? (coloured cakes)

Answer 7

foood colouring

Question 8

What chemical makes these foods taste sweet? (soft drinks, juices, sweets)

Answer 8

SUCROSE
C12H22O11

Question 9

What chemical make these foods sour? (lemons, warheads, apple cider)

Answer 9

CITRIC ACID
C6H8O7

Question 10

What chemical makes these foods fizzy? (soft drink, sparkling water, wizz fizz)

Answer 10

CARBON DIOXIDE
CO2

Question 11

What chemical make these foods “rise”? (cake, bread, macarons)

Answer 11

BAKING POWDER
NaHCO3

Question 12

why is eating healthy important?

Answer 12

1. ensures your body receives the necessary chemicals to keep our bodies working well
2. helps prevent diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease

Question 13

what energy is in food?

Answer 13

kilojoules

Question 14

what is a carbohydrate? (2 main)

Answer 14

2 main carbohydrates, simple and complex

Question 15

what is a simple carbohydrates?

Answer 15

simple carbohydrates are simple sugars such as glucose, sucrose. if you have a lollipop or sugar on your cereal its a simple carbohydrate, also in milk and fruit

Question 16

examples of simple carbohydrates?

Answer 16

lollipop, fruit, milk

Question 17

what is a complex carbohydrates?

Answer 17

complex carbohydrates also called starches. Starches include grain products, such as bread, crackers, pasta, and rice. Unrefined grains still contain vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A bowl of oatmeal fills you up better than sugary candy with the same amount of kilojoules.

Question 18

examples of complex carbohydrates?

Answer 18

bread, crackers, pasta, and rice

Question 19

what is the Digestion of Carbohydrates?

Answer 19

When you eat carbs, they are digested in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. Carbohydrase enzymes break down starch into simple sugars, which are absorbed into the bloodstream. The saliva in your mouth contains amylase which is another starch digesting enzyme.

Question 20

how do Carbohydrates Provide energy?

Answer 20

As the sugar level rises in your body, the pancreas releases ahormonecalled insulin. Insulin is needed to move sugar from the blood into the cells, where the sugar can be used as an energy source.

Question 21

Name some common foods containing proteins.

Answer 21

lean meats – beef, lamb, veal, pork, kangaroo.
poultry – chicken, turkey, duck, emu, goose, bush birds.
fish and seafood – fish, prawns, crab, lobster, mussels, oysters, scallops, clams.
eggs.
dairy products – milk, yoghurt (especially Greek yoghurt), cheese (especially cottage cheese)

Question 22

Name the enzyme involved during the digestion of a protein.

Answer 22

Pepsin is a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in ingested food. Gastric chief cells secrete pepsin as an inactive zymogen called pepsinogen. Parietal cells within the stomach lining secrete hydrochloric acid that lowers the pH of the stomach.

Question 23

Name the basic building block of a protein.

Answer 23

The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are small organic molecules that consist of an alpha (central) carbon atom linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable component called a side chain (see below).

Question 24

Explain the purpose of protein in our body.

Answer 24

Protein is an important part of a healthy diet. Proteins are made up of chemical ‘building blocks’ called amino acids. Your body uses amino acids to build and repair muscles and bones and to make hormones and enzymes. They can also be used as an energy source

Question 24

Explain the importance of having essential amino acids in your diet.

Answer 24

Amino acids are required for the synthesis of body protein and other important nitrogen-containing compounds, such as creatine, peptide hormones, and some neurotransmitters. Although allowances are expressed as protein, a the biological requirement is for amino acids.

Question 25

What is a Lipid?

Answer 25

Lipids are formed from glycerol and fatty acids. There are two types of lipids:
Fats- These are solid at room temperature. Butter and cheese are high in fat.
Oils- These are liquid at room temperature. Examples include oils from nuts, seeds and fish.

Question 26

Digestion of Lipids

Answer 26

When you eat lipids, they are digested in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. The lipase enzyme break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids which are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 27

essential FAtty Acids

Answer 27

Some fatty acids are vital for health and can only be sourced from the food (nuts, seeds and fish) we eat. These fatty acids are calledessential fatty acids.

Question 28

Lipids are used

Answer 28

Every cell in your body has a cell membrane which is made of lipids. Some hormones, including sex hormones, are made from a lipid calledcholesterol.
Lipids are also an importantenergy storefor the body. The layer of fat under your skin providesinsulationand thin layers of fat protect vital organs.

Question 28

It is important not to each too much fatty or oily food. This is because small amounts of lipid-rich foods can store large amounts of energy. Eating too much fatty or oily food, whilst not getting enough exercise, may cause

Answer 28

obesity

Question 29

Other chemicals involved during digestion

Answer 29

Hydrochloric acid (found in the stomach)
Breaks down food
Kills bacteria
Optimal pH for protease to work

Bile (found in the liver and stored in the gall bladder)
Emulsifies lipids into smaller droplets optimizing lipase’s ability to act on lipids

Question 30

Hydrochloric acid (found in the stomach)
Breaks down food
Kills bacteria
Optimal pH for protease to work

Bile (found in the liver and stored in the gall bladder)
Emulsifies lipids into smaller droplets optimizing lipase’s ability to act on lipids

Answer 30

Other chemicals involved during digestion