Food-born Trematodes

Question 1

Pathogenic Agent:

Fasciolasis

Answer 1

F. heptica

Question 2

Vector:

Fasciolasis

Answer 2

Intermediate - freshwater snails

Definitive: sheeps, goats etc

Question 3

Distribution:

Fasciolasis

Answer 3

East Asia, South America

- High humidity

Question 4

Transmission (general):

Fasciolasis

Answer 4

• Eating aquatic vegetables with larval forms attached (watercress)

Question 5

Transmission Mechanism:

Fasciolasis

Answer 5

1. Unfertilized eggs passed in feces
2. Fertilized in water where they go inside a snail and leave for water
3. Directly ingested by humans, sheep or cattle

Question 6

Clinical Findings:

Fasciolasis

Answer 6

Symptoms after 6-12 weeks but chronic is usually asymptomatic
- Lodged in larger bile duct and gallbladder causing inflammation adn blockage and juandice

Question 7

Diagnosis:

Fasciolasis

Answer 7

Serology - great becaue it will be positive early

• ELISA - rapid and quantitative
• Antigen (ELISA based)
• Seeing parasites in stool
• Ultrasound, CT, abdomen or MRI

Question 8

Treatment:

Fasciolasis

Answer 8

Evaluate family members

• Clorsulen
• Ivermectin
• Albendazole

Question 9

Prevention:

Fasciolasis

Answer 9

• Treatment of livestock

- Molluscicides to kill snail vectors

Question 10

Is Fasciolasis more common in people or animals?

Answer 10

Animals

Question 11

One miracidia from fasciolasis can make how many infective metacercearoae?

Answer 11

11 million

Question 12

Pseudofascioliasis

Answer 12

Presence of fasciola eggs in stool because of recent ingestion of contaminated sheep’s or calves liver containing non-infective eggs

Serologic test will be negative.
Avoid liver free diet for several days before repeating test

Question 13

Pathogenic Agent:

Paragonmiasis

Answer 13

P. westermani

Question 14

Vector:

Paragonmiasis

Answer 14

Crustacean

Question 15

Distribution (countries):

Paragonmiasis

Answer 15

Asia

Question 16

Transmission (general):

Paragonmiasis

Answer 16

Eating undercookde crustaceans

Question 17

Transmission mechanism:

Paragonmiasis

Answer 17

1. Unfertilizeed eggs pooped in water or coughed up in sputum
2. Meet sperm and grow
3. Go to snail to mature
4. Released to infect crustaceans

Question 18

Clinical Findings:

Paragonmiasis

Answer 18

• Lungs are the final location causing chronic cough

- Extrapulmonary paragoniasis - brain, abs, tissues, but CNS is the most common form

Question 19

Diagnosis:

Paragonmiasis

Answer 19

• Microscopy
• Serology - ELISA
• Imaging - looking for pleural effusion and multiple cyst in the lung tissue

Question 20

Which disease has blood tinged sputum that can mimic tuberculosis?

Answer 20

Paragonmiasis

Question 21

Vector:

Opisthorciasis/Clonochiasis

Answer 21

Freshwater snail

Question 22

Transmission Mechanism:

Opisthorciasis/Clonochiasis

Answer 22

1. Fertilized eggs passed in poop to water
2. Eaten by snails to grow
3. Released from water
4. Pass the skin of fresh fish
5. Fish eaten by humans

Question 23

Vector:

Opisthorciasis/Clonochiasis

Answer 23

• Freshwater snail
• Dogs and cats

(Passed by eating fresh water fish)

Question 24

Clonochiasis other name is

Answer 24

Chinese Liver Fluke

Question 25

Pathogenic Agent:

Opisthorciasis

Answer 25

Opisthorchis viverrini

Question 26

Pathogenic Agent:

Clonochiasis

Answer 26

Clonorchis Sinensis

Question 27

Clinical Findings:

Opisthorciasis/Clonochiasis

Answer 27

• Asymptomatic
• Nonspecific right upper quadrant pain
• High eosinopholaia
• Elevated alkaline phosphate
• Gallbladder nonfunction
• Cholangiocarcinoma - bile duct cancer

Question 28

Prevention:

Opisthorciasis/Clonochiasis

Answer 28

Preventative chemotherapy to everyone exposed

Question 29

Can repeat infection of

Opisthorciasis/Clonochiasis occur?

Answer 29

Yes