Food and Water Flashcards
What is Goal 2 and is the world on track to achieve it?
Goal 2 aims to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030. Currently, the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.
How many people are currently hungry and how many are projected to be hungry by 2030?
690 million people are hungry today, and this number is estimated to surpass 840 million by 2030.
What are the primary causes of acute hunger?
Acute hunger, affecting 135 million people, is primarily caused by man-made conflicts, climate change, and economic downturns.
What percentage of the global population cannot afford a healthy diet?
42% of the global population, over 3 billion people, cannot afford a healthy diet.
What measures are necessary to address hunger and improve diets?
To alleviate hunger and enhance diets, there is a need to increase food productivity, promote sustainable food production, and enhance agri-resiliency.
How have marine fish stocks changed in terms of sustainability?
The global share of marine fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels has declined from 90% in 1974 to 69% in 2013.
What is the extent of the increase in marine acidity since the industrial revolution?
Marine acidity has increased by an average of 26% since the beginning of the industrial revolution.
What are the impacts of human carbon emissions on the ocean?
Carbon emissions from human activities contribute to ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen loss.
How much excess heat and CO2 do oceans absorb?
Oceans absorb 90% of excess heat in the climate system and 30% of the CO2 produced by humans.
How significant is marine life for human livelihoods and the global economy?
Over 3 billion people rely on marine life for their livelihoods. The marine resources industry is valued at $3 trillion, representing 5% of global GDP.
To what extent have humans modified the Earth’s surface and forests?
Human activities have altered 75% of the Earth’s surface, with forest areas shrinking by 30% between 2000 and 2015.
What are consequences of reduced vegetation productivity?
The reduction in vegetation productivity since 2000 has negatively impacted the livelihoods of over 1 billion people.
How do unsustainable agricultural practices impact productivity and biodiversity?
Unsustainable agriculture, harvest, and trade practices are contributing to a decrease in both productivity and species biodiversity.
What role do forests play in absorbing CO2 ?
Forests absorb 30% of excess CO2 generated from burning fossil fuels.
Rate of forest loss?
Forests are being lost at a rate equivalent to 27 football pitches per minute, with agricultural expansion accounting for 90% of this loss.
What has been the impact of climate change on crop yields in temperate regions?
Temperate regions have primarily experienced negative impacts on crop yields due to climate change.
What is the level of confidence regarding the prevalence of negative impacts on grain yields?
There is high confidence that negative impacts on grain yields are more common than positive impacts.
Which crops have been negatively affected by climate change, and which are less affected?
Wheat and maize have experienced negative impacts with medium confidence, while rice and soybean have been less affected.
How will climate change affect the variability and demand for crop yields?
Climate change is projected to increase the inter-annual variability of crop yields, impacting sustainability, and it will also lead to increased crop demands.
What changes are projected for the maximum catch potential of fish and invertebrate species?
A global redistribution of the maximum catch potential of approximately 1000 exploited fish and invertebrate species is projected.
Which regions will experience negative impacts on fisheries, and which will see positive impacts?
Tropical regions and the Southern Ocean are expected to experience negative impacts, while mid and high latitudes will see positive impacts on fisheries.
What are the factors driving the redistributuion of fish species?
The redistribution is attributed to ocean acidification and the varying sensitivity of species to these changes.
What remains a major challenge to food security and environmental sustainanility?
Continued population growth remains a significant challenge to global food security and environmental sustainability
What proportion of cereal production is used for animal feed?
50%
