Food and the evnvironment Flashcards
When did the idea of gendered food preferences (e.g., women liking salads and men liking steak) emerge? freedman
The idea emerged in the late 19th century as a social construct.
How did dietary advice, corporate advertising, and magazine articles influence gendered food preferences? freedman
They reinforced the idea that women should consume lighter, sweeter foods, while men should eat heartier, filling meals.
How did cookbooks and advertising shape women’s roles in food preparation? freedman
- Cookbooks and ads emphasized the importance of pleasing husbands’ appetites, with titles like “How to Keep a Husband” and “The Way to a Man’s Heart.”
- Women were expected to prioritize their husbands’ preferences in cooking, be excellent cooks, and also maintain attractiveness and be fun companions.
What social changes led to a decline in traditional sit-down dinners and the image of the happy housewife? freedman
The rise of eating out, working women, and microwave cooking contributed to the decline of traditional family meals and the ideal of the happy housewife.
How does food advertising still perpetuate gendered food preferences today?
Food advertising continues to associate healthy foods with women and indulgent foods (like steak) with men
How are men evaluated in terms of masculinity? Nakagawa
Men are evaluated against a dominant form of masculinity that includes traits like courage and aggression, often used to justify gender inequality.
What is “masculine overcompensation”? Nakagawa
- When men feel their masculinity is threatened, they often overcompensate with exaggerated displays of masculine behavior
What theory is masculine overcompensation theory in line with? Nakagawa
Identity control theory: individuals who receive information that challenges a salient identity will enact exaggerated behaviors associated with that identity to close the discrepancy between the outwardly perceived and inwardly felt identity
How does masculinity influence men’s health behaviors, specifically dietary choices? Nakagawa
- Men in the U.S. exhibit higher rates of unhealthy meat consumption, including red and processed meats
- American men, but not women, eat far more meat, poultry, and eggs than nutritional experts advise
- meat consumption is seen as a way to bolster dominant forms of masculinity.
What are the health consequences of men’s overconsumption of meat? Nakagawa
- lower rates of vegetarianism put them at greater risk for lifestyle-related diseases and premature death.
How does the cultural expectation of women relate to food provisioning and diet? Nakagawa
- Women face the expectation of being responsible for planning and provisioning a healthy diet.
- face dietary pressures to avoid appearing too restrictive or too slovenly in their food choices.
What did the results of Study 2 reveal about masculinity and diet choices? Nakagawa
- When men’s masculinity was threatened, showed greater attachment to meat and significantly less willing to consider vegetarian or vegan diets.
- causal relationship between masculinity concerns and their endorsement of unhealthy lifestyle choices
How did women respond to being “femininity-threatened” in the study? Nakagawa
Women in the femininity-threatened condition did not show significant differences in dietary or health preferences compared to women in the control condition.
How is household Pro-environment behaviour linked to societal norms? Kennedy
Women’s engagement in PEB is seen as part of their traditional domestic roles, perpetuating caretaking stereotypes.
How does economic status impact PEB engagement across genders? Kennedy
- Women with higher economic status still engage in more PEB than men at equivalent statuses.
- Women consistently reported higher PEB scores, even when holding greater economic power than their male partners.
Why should environmental policies consider gender? Kennedy
To avoid reinforcing gender inequality and to value unpaid domestic environmental labor.
What solutions are proposed to address the gendered burden of PEB? Kennedy
Developing policies to incentivize shared domestic responsibilities and recognizing the structural links between gender equity and environmental sustainability.
