food and digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Fatty acids and glycerol are used

A

-For energy
-To build cell membranes
-To make hormones

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2
Q

amino acids

A

used for building cell components

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3
Q

Glucose

A

used to supply energy

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4
Q

breakdown of fat

A

Firstly, bile (released by the gall bladder) allows the fat to ‘mix’ with water by breaking the fat into smaller droplets and increases the surface area of fat droplets. This is called emulsification

Secondly, the digestive enzyme lipase breaks each fat molecule into the smaller glycerol and fatty acid molecules.

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5
Q

enzymes

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts and they catalyse most chemical reactions in cells such as respiration, photosynthesis and protein synthesis.

Enzymes are large protein molecules made from a unique sequence of coiled amino acids this gives the active site - the area that is attached to the substrate a very specific shape that fits the substrate exactly

COMPLIMENTARY

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6
Q

enzymes function

A

enzymes help to:
* break down large molecules into smaller ones
* build large molecules from smaller ones.
* Change one molecule into another molecule.

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7
Q

temperature effect on enzyme activity

A
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8
Q

glucose food test

A

Reagent - Benedict’s
Method - add Benedict’s with food into test tube, heat
initial colour – blue
positive result - brick red

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9
Q

starch food test

A

Reagent - iodine
Method - add iodine to food.
initial colour – yellow
positive result – blue/black

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10
Q

lipids food test

A

Reagent - ethanol
Method - mash food in distilled water and pour liquid into test tube, add ethanol, shake and add cold water
initial colour – colourless
positive result – white milky emulsiom

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11
Q

Carbohydrase

A

released in - Salivary glands, Pancreas, small intestine
function - breaks down carbohydrates into sugars e.g. starch into glucose

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12
Q

lipase

A

lipase
released in – pancreas, small intestine
function - breaks down liquids into fatty acids and glycerol

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13
Q

protease

A

released in – stomach, pancreas, small intestine
function - breaks down proteins into amino acids

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14
Q

Carbohydrates

A

for energy

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15
Q

fats (lipids)

A

for energy & making cell membranes

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16
Q

protein

A

for growth and repair

17
Q

minerals

A

in small amounts to make body chemicals

18
Q

vitamins

A

in small amounts for cells to work properly

19
Q

fibre

A

to keep your bowels working

20
Q

water

A

for chemical reactions to occur + transportation

21
Q

mouth

A

Your teeth help chop up food here and masticates it. it gives the food a larger surface area for enzymes to work on. this mixes food with saliva making it easier to swallow.

22
Q

saliva

A

saliva contains Carbohydrase and mucus for lubrication.

23
Q

oesophagus

A

a muscular tube carrying food from the throat to the stomach. when food enters this tube, the muscles in the oesophagus start to contract & force the food towards the stomach by peristalsis.

24
Q

gastric juice

A

a mixture of hydrochloric acid mucus and enzymes

25
Q

stomach

A

muscular bag filled with gastric juice helping chemically digest food down further. There’s also mechanical digestion with the stomach churning the food and turning it into a pulp called chyme.

26
Q

pancreas

A

This makes a lot of enzymes. E.g. lipase carbohydrase protease.

27
Q

liver

A

stores some nutrients, vitamins and minerals from digestion, changes them from one form to another and releases them into the blood according to the needs of the body. The liver also makes bile which is stored in the gall bladder but released by the bile duct.

28
Q

small intestine

A

site of maximum absorption
three liquids are added here:
bile - helps to neutralise acid added to food in the stomach and is the best PH for enzymes to work. it also helps breakdown fats.
Pancreatic and intestinal juices - have enzymes to break food down so nutrients can dissolve into the blood stream

29
Q

Large intestine

A

Water & Body minerals are absorbed here back into the blood. the remaining non nutritional matter is formed into semisolid brown faeces.

30
Q

Rectum

A

end of large intestine where faeces are stored

31
Q

anus

A

the place where the faeces come out

32
Q

protein food test

A

Reagent - biuret
Method - mash food in distilled water and add to test tube with biuret.
initial colour – blue
positive result – purple / lilac