Food allergy and GI smooth muscle spasm

Question 1

what is the difference between food allergy and food intolerance?

Answer 1

Food allergy is an adverse immune response to a food, while food intolerance is non-immunological

Question 2

Outline the non-pharmacological management of food allergy

Answer 2

1) Strict avoidance of the causal food.
2) Educating patients about nutrition, food preparation, risks of accidental exposure, ensuring adequate nutritional intake, and interpreting food labels

Question 3

outline the pharmacological management of food allergy (3)

Answer 3

1) Sodium cromoglicate is licensed as an adjunct to dietary avoidance in patients with food allergy.
2) Chlorphenamine is licensed for the symptomatic control of food allergy.
3) In case of food-induced anaphylaxis, adrenaline/epinephrine is the first-line immediate treatment

Question 4

list some of the antimuscarinics that are used for gastro-intestinal smooth muscle spasm

Answer 4

1) Atropine sulfate and dicycloverine HCL

2) Quaternary ammonium compounds: Propantheline bromide and Hyoscine butylbromide

Question 5

How do tertiary amine compounds such as atropine, differ from quaternary ammonoum compounds?

Answer 5

Quaternary compounds are less lipid soluble than atropine and are less likely to cross the BBB; they are also less well absorbed from the GI tract.

Question 6

Hyoscine butylbromide, is not licensed for use in children under what age?

Answer 6

under 6

Question 7

how well is hyoscine butylbromide absorbed after oral administration?

Answer 7

Oral administration is associated with poor absorption

Question 8

outline the MHRA important safety information regarding hyoscine butylbromide

Answer 8

Risk of serious cardiac events in patients with underlying cardiac disease

Question 9

how should immediate release mebeverine be administered?

Answer 9

Dose should preferable be taken 20 minutes before food