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Biology (Irish leaving Cert) > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the six most commmon elements in food?

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosporus
  • Sulfur
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2
Q

What five elements are present as salts in food?

A
  • Na(Sodium)
  • Mg(Magnesium)
  • Cl(Chlorine)
  • K(Potassium)
  • Ca(Calcium)
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3
Q

What are the three trace elements?

A
  • Fe(Iron)
  • Cu(Copper)
  • Zn(Zinc)
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4
Q

What are boimolecules?

A

Biomolecules are chemicals that are made inside a living thing

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5
Q

What are the four main biomolecule types

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids(fats,oils)
  • Proteins
  • Vitamins
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6
Q

What is the carbohydrate general formula?

A

Cx(H2O)y

(where x=y)

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7
Q

What are monosachrides?They are sweet to taste and soluble in water

A

Monosachrides are the smallest carbohydrate units. They are soluble in water. The consist of a single sugar unit(essentially a ring of carbons)

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8
Q

Name two monosachrides?

A
  • Glucose: Common carbohydrate from which most organisms get energy. Made during photosynthesis
    • Fructose: Stuctural isomer of glucose. Sweeter than glucose and found in fruit
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9
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

They consist of two monasaccharides joined together. They are soluble in water

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10
Q

Name three common disaccharides

A
  • Sucrose(table salt): glucose+glucose
  • Maltose(found in germinating seeds): glucose + fructose
  • Lactose(in milk): glucoes + fructose
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11
Q

What are polysaccharides

A

They are many monosaccharides linked together. They are insoulbe in water

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12
Q

Name three polysaccharides.

A
  • Starch(amylose): Composed of branched and unbrachned chains of glucose. Carbohydrate stored by plants. Easily digested because glucoes is in a straight line
  • Cellulose: Long chains of glucose with more cross bonding than starch. Plant structural carboydrate. Harder to digest. Promotes peristalis. Very strong ( suitable for cell walls)
  • Glycogen: Chains of glucose molecules that are more branched than starch. Stored in liver and muscle.
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13
Q

What is the test for reducing sugars

A
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14
Q

What is he test for starch?

A
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15
Q

What are the catabolic and anabolic roles of carbohydrates

A
  • Anabolic:
    • Glucose is made in photsynthesis
  • Catabolic
    • Glucose releases energy in respiration
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16
Q

What are the uses of carbohydrates

A
  • Store energy
  • Supply energy
17
Q

What are the elements in lipids?

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
18
Q

What is the difference between fats and oils?

A
  • Fats are solid at room temperature (293.15K)
  • Oils are ;iquid at room temperature (293.15K)
19
Q

What is the structure of a lipid?

A

Lipids are made of molecules called triglyceride. A triglyceride is made up of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.

20
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

A phospholipid is a fat-like substance where one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group or has had a phosphate group added to it

21
Q

What is the test for fat?

A

[Insert image]

22
Q

What is the catabolic role of lipids

A

Release energy is respiration

23
Q

What is the strucutre of a protein?

A
  1. Ammino acid
  2. Peptide(less than twenty aminio acids)
  3. Polypeptide(more than twenty ammino acids)
  4. Protein(more than 200 amino)
24
Q

What are the elements in protein

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen

(And sometimes Sulfur, Phosphorus and other elements)

25
Q

What is the test for protein?

A

[Insert photo]

26
Q

What are the structural roles of proteins

A
  • Form structures such as:
    • hair
    • skin
    • nails
    • muscles

(Keratin)

27
Q

What are the metabolic roles of proteins?

A
  • Enzymes
  • Some hormones
  • Antibodies
28
Q

What are vitamins?

A

They are complex carbon based substances the body cannot make.

29
Q

Name a water soluble vitamin, a defiency associated with it and its sources.

A
  • Vitamin C is water soluble(easy way to remeber which vitamin is water soluble, “C sounds like sea”)
  • Lack of vitamin C causes Scury
  • Found in Fruit and Vegtables(especially citritus fruit)
30
Q

What are the catabolic roles of Vitamin C

A
  • To form:
    • Connective tissue
    • Bones
    • Teeth
  • Helps:
    • Healing
    • The immune system
31
Q

Name a fat soluble vitamin, a defiency caused by it and it’s sources.

A
  • Vitamin D is fat soluble
  • Lack of it causes Rickets(in children) and Osteomalica(in adults) (a weakness in the bones)
  • Liver, fish oils,milk and egg yolk are good sources. Vitamin D is also made by a reaction between ultraviolet light and chemcials the skin
32
Q

What is the metabolic role of vitamin D

A

Helps absorb calcium for the bones and teeth

33
Q

Give examples of why plants need minerals.

A
  • Calcium(absorbed from the soil)to hold cell walls together
  • Magnesium for chlorophyll
34
Q

Give examples of why animals need minerals

A
  • Calcium(in milk and cheese) form bones and teeth
  • Iron(liver and green vegtables) for haemoglobin
35
Q

Why is water important to living things

A
  • Makes up the bulk of cytoplasm and is found in blood and tissue fluid
  • Good solvent which allows:
    • cell reactions
    • transport
  • Participates in chemical reactions
  • moves in/out of cells giving them the correct shape
  • Regulates temperature
36
Q

What is a structural role of a carbohydrate

A

Cellouse forms plant cell walls

37
Q

What are the structural roles of a lipid

A
  • Insulate
  • Form membranes
  • Store energy

Biology (Irish leaving Cert) (5 decks)

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