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4E/5A Geog 2022 > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the food consumption pattern for DCs and LDCs in terms of the consumption/kg/year.

A

DCs: High

LDCs: Low

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2
Q

Describe the food consumption pattern for DCs and LDCs in terms of starchy staples as percentage of all calories.

A

DCs: Low

LDCs: High

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3
Q

Describe the food consumption pattern for DCs and LDCs in terms of total daily calorie intake.

A

DCs: High

LDCs: Low

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4
Q

Describe the changing food preferences in DCs and LDCs.

A

DCs: Increase organic food, fruits and vegetables.

LDCs: Increase meat and fast food.

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5
Q

Explain how disposable income has led to the increase in global food consumption.

A

Increased income globally as economies improve -> More money to buy food -> Increase affordability -> Increase food consumption.

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6
Q

Explain how difference in disposable income has led to difference in food consumption patterns between DCs and LDCs.

A

DCs generally have a higher income -> able to afford more food -> higher consumption.

DCs have a higher income -> able to afford more expensive food such as meat and greater variety of food-> less need to rely on starchy staples -> percentage of starchy staples is low.

Opposite for LDCs.

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7
Q

Explain how pricing leads to difference in food consumption patterns between DCs and LDCs.

A

DCs have a better economy and higher income -> can afford a variety of food -> less affected by price fluctuations -> consumption patterns do not vary as much.

Opposite for LDCs.

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8
Q

Explain how food preferences lead to difference in food consumption patterns between DCs and LDCs.

A

Preference of organic food in DCs as there is greater awareness on the need to eat healthily.

Increased consumption of fast food in LDCs as income has increased in LDCs, leading to increased preference to fast food which previously was unaffordable to them.

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9
Q

Explain how difference in population growth has led to difference in food consumption patterns between DCs and LDCs.

A

LDCs have high population growth -> increase in demand for food -> inadequate supply to meet high demands -> less food for each person -> lower overall consumption.

Opp for DCs.

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10
Q

Explain how stability of food leads to difference in food consumption patterns between DCs and LDCs.

A

DCs generally have higher income -> can afford price fluctuations and to import food from various sources -> greater stability of food -> higher consumption.

Opp for LDCs.

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11
Q

Explain how food safety affects the consumption pattern in DCs and LDCs.

A

DCs generally have laws and regulations to ensure food is safe to eat -> people have safe and adequate food to eat -> higher consumption.

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12
Q

Discuss the impacts of inadequate food consumption on individuals.

A
  1. Malnutrition
  2. Starvation
  3. Lower productivity
  4. Scavenging
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13
Q

Discuss the impacts of inadequate food consumption on countries.

A
  1. Food and economic aid
  2. Diversion of financial resources
  3. Social unrest
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14
Q

Discuss the impacts of excess food consumption on individuals.

A
  1. Obesity and related illness

2. Lower productivity

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15
Q

Discuss the impacts of excess food consumption on countries.

A
  1. Diversion of financial resources
  2. Food wastage
  3. Dieting
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16
Q

Discuss how relief affects the intensity of food production.

A

Generally more difficult to grow and thus less food production. Terracing might be necessary.

High altitudes allow crops which require cooler temperatures to grow.

On steep slopes, the top soil may be washed away more easily and thus the soil may be less fertile, affecting the productivity of the area.

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17
Q

Discuss how soils and drainage affects the intensity of food production.

A

Floodplains with fertile soils: More food crops as soil has more nutrients to support plant growth.

Soils with different ability to retain or drain off water: Type of crop produced and overall yield depends on the suitability of the soil.

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18
Q

Discuss how climate affects the intensity of food production.

A

High rainfall, High temperature: More food crops; Crops that need warmer climates.

Cooler temperatures: Not as conducive for food production; Good for crops that need cooler climates.

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19
Q

Discuss how purpose of farming affects the intensity of food production.

A

Subsistence farming: Lower food production as only need to produce for own and family’s consumption.

Commercial farming: Large scale farming with high food production for sale to earn revenue.

20
Q

Discuss how demand and capital affects the intensity of food production.

A

Increased demand leads to prices going up. Farmers thus have increased motivation to increase pdt, and pdt increases.

Higher capital allows for greater investment to increase food production.

21
Q

Discuss how agri-business affects the intensity of food production.

A

Agribusinesses usually control all aspects of the food production, from farm to sales, and need to produce a lot to earn revenue. Thus, food production is usually very high.

22
Q

Discuss how government policies affect the intensity of food production.

A

Positive policies increase food production such as those that educate farmers on farming technology or increased investment in farming.

Policies that limit agriculture such as land area will negatively affect food production.

23
Q

Discuss how ASEAN has affected the intensity of food production.

A

Increase stability of food through agreements between ASEAN countries. ASEAN countries also have agreements to share technological knowledge to help increase production.

24
Q

Discuss how the Green Revolution through the use of HYVs, irrigation, mechanisation, fertilisers and pesticides.

A

Allow more food crops to be grown within a shorter period of time, increasing food production.

Food is more pest resistant, increasing food supply

Allow food to be grown in places that previously was not possible to, increasing food production.

Less manual labour is needed, increased intensification.

Increase food production as soil is more fertile.

Reduced crop loss from pests, resulting in increased yield.

25
Q

Discuss the effects of intensification on water quality.

A
  1. Contamination of groundwater due to chemicals from pesticides and fertilisers.
  2. Water pollution due to discharge from chemical use.
  3. Eutrophication as chemicals from fertilisers encourage growth of algae.
26
Q

Discuss the effects of intensification on soil quality.

A
  1. Waterlogging when too much water is used during irrigation.
  2. Salinisation from salts left behind during irrigation.
27
Q

Explain how extreme weather leads to food shortage.

A

Extreme weather -> farms are destroyed -> supply limited -> supply cannot meet demand -> food shortage.

Extreme weather -> infrastructure destroyed -> food cannot reach people -> food shortage.

28
Q

Explain how climate change has led to food shortage.

A

Climate change -> extreme weather events, flooding -> farms destroyed; infrastructure destroyed -> limited supply; food cannot reach the people -> food shortage.

29
Q

Explain how pests lead to food shortage.

A

Pests destroy crops -> supply drops -> supply cannot meet demand -> food shortage.

30
Q

Explain how civil strife lead to food shortage.

A

Civil strife -> farms and infrastructure destroyed -> limited supply; food cannot reach the people -> food shortage.

31
Q

Explain how poor governance leads to food shortage.

A

Poor governance -> lack of planning by the government -> poor food and agricultural policies -> inadequate food for the people.

32
Q

Explain how rising demand for meat and dairy products has led to food shortage.

A

Increased demand for meat and dairy products, esp from China and India due to better economies -> more crops grown to feed cattle -> less crops for consumption -> supply cannot meet demand -> food shortage.

33
Q

Explain how soaring cost of fertilisers and transport has led to food shortage.

A

Increased cost -> farmers cannot afford -> reduced food production -> supply cannot meet demand -> food shortage.

Increased cost -> farmers transfer cost to consumers -> consumers who cannot afford will experience food shortage.

34
Q

Explain how conversion of farmland to industries lead to food shortage.

A

Conversion of farmland to industries -> less land for farming -> drop in supply of food -> supply cannot meet demand -> food shortage.

35
Q

Explain how lack of accessibility leads to food shortage.

A

Poor infrastructure or natural barriers such as mountains affect accessibility -> food cannot reach the people -> food shortage.

36
Q

Explain how inadequate logistics of food distribution leads to food shortage.

A

Inadequate logistics of food distribution -> food cannot be distributed far fast enough -> people do not have access to food; food is spoilt by the time it reaches destination -> food shortage.

37
Q

Explain how rapid population growth has led to food shortage.

A

Increased population -> increased demand -> supply cannot catch up with demand -> food shortage.

38
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of technology to improve storage in helping to overcome food shortage.

A

Success: Allow food to be transported further without getting spoilt -> increase accessibility to food -> reduce food shortage.

Limitation: Expensive. LDCs may not be able to afford.

39
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of farming technology such as the Green Revolution in helping to overcome food shortage.

A

Success: Increase supply of food; increase affordability as prices drop with increase supply -> reduce food shortage.

Limitations: Harmful effects on the environment, water and soil quality; Not all farmers can afford the increase cost due to technology, and thus might lose out.

40
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of biotechnology in the form of genetically modified food in helping to overcome food shortage.

A

Success: Increase food supply.

Limitation: Large amount of investment needed, not possible for LDCs; Potential health risk concerns affect demand and thus production; Limited to a few crops.

41
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of multiple cropping and crop rotation in helping to overcome food shortage.

A

Success: Increase food supply.

Limitation: Difficulty to use machines as different crops need different machines, affecting productivity.

42
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of water and soil conservation in helping to overcome food shortage.

A

Success: Increase food supply.

Limitation: Lack of knowledge by farmers, reducing effectiveness.

43
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of lease of farmland to other countries in helping to overcome food shortage.

A

Success: Increase food supply and stability for country leasing the farmland -> reducing food shortage.

Limitation: Less crops and land for farmers within the country as the crops are brought back to the country that leased the land.

44
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of support to local farmers in helping to overcome food shortage.

A

Success: Increase stability and safety of food produced -> reduce food shortage.

Limitation: Limited government funding available. Conflicting interests within the country may force the government to focus on other aspects of the economy instead.

45
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of population control in helping to overcome food shortage.

A

Success: Reduce demand -> reduced food shortage.

Limitation: Difficult to implement esp in rural areas.

46
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of food programmes and aid assistance by UNWFP in helping to overcome food shortage.

A

Success: Increased food production, stability and safety.

Limitation: Extent of assistance depends on funds received. May lead to a culture of dependency.

47
Q

Evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural policies such as high tech farming in Singapore in helping to overcome food shortage.

A

Success: Increased food production, stability and safety.

Limitation: High cost of high tech farming and lack of land in Singapore limit the production. Government’s ability to implement the policies will limit the effectiveness. Cash crops may be grown instead of food crops, limiting food supply

4E/5A Geog 2022 (9 decks)

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