FoM:L9 - Basics of Endocrinology Flashcards
1
Q
What controls hormone release?
A
- neural control (by CNS)
- hormonal control (by other hormones)
- nutrient/ion regulation
2
Q
What are peptide hormones made of?
A
- small peptides or full proteins
- may contain carbohydrates
3
Q
Outline the synthesis and secretion of peptide hormones
A
- synthesised as precursors (preprohormones)
- stored in secretory vesicles
- regulated at level of synthesis and secretion
4
Q
What are amino acid derived hormones?
A
- catecholamines (from tyrosine)
- thyroid hormones (from tyrosine)
- serotonin (from trytophan)
5
Q
What are steroid hormones?
A
- derived from cholesterol
- lipid soluble, cant be stored
6
Q
What are steroid hormones?
A
- lipids derived from cholesterol
- different families- androgens and oestrogens (sex) and progestogens
7
Q
What are eicosanoids?
A
- hormones derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in cell membranes
- roles in inflammation
8
Q
What controls plasma [Ca2+]?
A
- parathyroid hormone
- vitamin D
9
Q
How does the parathyroid gland regulate [Ca2+]?
A
- low plasma stimulates PTH
- increased Ca2+
- reduced excretion from kidney
- increased resorption from bones
10
Q
How does vitamin D impact [Ca2+]?
A
- active form produced in the liver
- increased vit D3 increases absorption of Ca2+ from gut and resorption from bone
11
Q
What is the HPA axis?
A
- stress response
- hypothalamus secretes CRH and AVP
- pituitary secretes ACTH
- adrenal secretes cortisol
