FoM:L4 - Antibiotic action Flashcards
What are the potential targets of antibiotics? (5 points)
- binding to cell wall, stopping cell wall synthesis
- interference with nucleic synthesis/function
- inhibition of DNA gyrase
- inhibition of ribosomal activity and protein synthesis
- inhibition of folate synthesis and carbon unit metabolism
Which antibiotic class bind to cell walls?
- beta lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins)
- glycopeptides
Give examples of drugs that interfere with nucleic acid synthesis
metronidazole and rifampicin
Which drugs inhibit DNA gyrase?
fluoroquinolones
Which drugs interfere with ribosomes and protein synthesis?
aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicol
- not rapid/suitable for severe infections
Which drugs inhibit folate synthesis?
- sulphonamides
- trimethoprim
not used in pregnant women
What are pencillins active against?
- narrow spectrum
- gram positive: notably streptococci
- benzylpenicillins and phenoxy methyl penicillin
What are aminopenicillins?
ampicillin and amoxycillin
- broad spectrum
- not staph
- gram positive and gram negative
flucloxacillin
- gram positive
- staphylococcal activity
extended spectrum penicillins (piperacillin)
- pseudomonas
What are cephalosporins?
- broad spectrum
- gram positive and gram negative
What are carbapenems?
- broad spectrum
- potent
- gram positive and gram negative
What are beta-lactam and beta-lactamase inhibitors?
- very broad spectrum
- potent
- gram positive and negative
What are macrolides?
- broad spectrum
- safe
- intracellular and gram positive
What are tetracyclines?
- broad spectrum
eg doxycycline - tooth discolouration
- intracellular and gram positive and gram negative
What is trimethoprim?
- broad spectrum, oral
- excreted in urine
- not safe in pregnancy
- gram positive and negative
What is co-trimoxazole?
- broad spectrum
- potent
- not safe in pregnancy
- gram positive and gram negative
